|
摘要：美国并未加入《保护非物质文化遗产公约》，但美国公共民俗学的理论和实践深刻地影响了非遗公约的核心理念与基本框架。以1999年教科文组织和史密森学会联合召开的华盛顿会议为切入点，细致梳理会议对1989年联合国《保护民间创作建议案》的评估与彻底批判如何针对全球化、文化多样性与可持续发展的时代关切，调整民俗传统的保护方式，从而根本上奠定了2003年公约的基础，史密森民俗生活中心的学者因之亦深度参与了公约的起草。通过勾勒美国公共民俗学传统，特别是史密森民俗生活中心与公约形成的密切关联，探讨非遗保护以社区为中心、社区参与理念的学术渊源。
关键词：美国公共民俗学；华盛顿会议；史密森民俗生活节；非遗公约；社区参与
作者简介：彭牧，北京师范大学文学院民间文学研究所教授（北京 100875）
Abstract: The United States has not ratified the Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage, but theories and practices of American public folklore have greatly shaped core ideas and theoretical framework of the Convention. Focusing on the Washington Conference co-organized by the Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage (CFCH) in Smithsonian Institute and UNESCO in 1999, this paper examines how, facing the deep concerns of globalization, cultural diversity and sustainable development of the time, the conference’s evaluation and critique of the Recommendation on the Safeguarding of Traditional Culture and Folklore (1989) reorients the way of safeguarding folk tradition and lays the foundation for the Convention in 2003, and scholars from CFCH have also been deeply involved in the drafting process of the Convention thereafter. It further delineates how the formation of the Convention relates to American public folklore, especially CFCH in Smithsonian Institute, exploring academic roots of conceptualizing community participation in safeguarding intangible cultural heritage.
Key words: American public folklore, Washington Conference, Smithsonian Folklife Festival, the Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage, community participation
About the author: PENG Mu, Professor at Institute of Folk Literature, School of Chinese Language and Literature, Beijing Normal University (Beijing 100875)
文章来源：中国民俗学网
【本文责编：李中彦】
|
