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摘要：少数民族戏剧作为中华优秀传统文化的组成部分，在促进各民族交往交流交融、铸牢中华民族共同体意识方面发挥着重要作用。以2003年《保护非物质文化遗产公约》的通过为时段性考察的分界点，回溯过去二十年中国少数民族戏剧研究何以进入非物质文化遗产保护的路径选择，探讨政策导向与学术取向之间错位、矫正及对接。一方面，随着诸多传统戏剧被各级政府主管部门认定为非遗项目，国内相关的学术研究有了新的突破与转向；另一方面，以学科本位为导向并以剧种剧本为中心的学术传统，与非遗保护重在社区和重在过程的政策导向之间存在着显著的张力。因而，亟需从认识论、方法论和实践论层面将“研究”作为过程性保护的措施之一，并在学术话语与政策话语之间形成有效对接，以利拓展新时代新征程少数民族戏剧保护的多重实践路径，助推形成中国非物质文化遗产系统性保护格局，并朝向实现可持续发展目标的未来。
关键词：非物质文化遗产；传统戏剧；少数民族戏剧；非遗项目；研究作为保护措施
作者简介：冯王玺，中国社会科学院民族文学研究所助理研究员（北京 100732）
Abstract: As an integral part of outstanding traditional Chinese culture, ethnic operas play an important role in promoting interaction, communication, and integration among various ethnic groups, and consolidating a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation. Taking the adoption of the Convention for the safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage in 2003 as a dividing point for consideration over a given period of time, the present paper looks back on the studies over the past two decades to explore how research on ethnic operas in China has entered the path of the safeguarding of the intangible cultural heritage. It investigates the mismatch, correction, and coordination between policy guidance and academic orientation. On the one hand, as many traditional operas have been recognized as intangible cultural heritage items by government authorities at various levels, academic research has made new breakthroughs and shifts in China; On the other hand, there is a significant tension between the academic tradition with disciplinary basis and play scripts as the center, and the policy orientation of the safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage that focuses on community and process. Therefore, from the perspectives of epistemology, methodology, and theory on practice, there is an urgent need to take “research” as one of the measures for safeguarding-in-process and build effective connection between academic discourse and policy discourse, so as to extend the multiple practical paths for safeguarding ethnic operas in the new era and for the new journey toward promoting the establishment of a systematic safeguarding pattern for China’s intangible cultural heritage, thereby making contribution to the goals of achieving sustainable development in the future.
Keywords: intangible cultural heritage (ICH), traditional opera, ethnic opera, ICH element, research as one of safeguarding measures
About the author: FENG Wangxi, Assistant Research Fellow at Institute of Ethnic Literature, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (Beijing 100732)
文章来源：中国民俗学网
【本文责编：CFNEditor】
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