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【注释】
①按照英文字面意思,将书名译写为“狐仙”并没有错。但是,如果考虑到当下仍然在实践的这一宗教事实,尤其是敬拜者的虔诚和他们在乡野将其神马名书写为“胡仙”的事实,那么将该书名译写为“胡仙”是更准确的。因此,本文使用的是“胡仙”而非“狐仙”。
②在这里,我没有使用学界习惯性使用的民间宗教、民间信仰以及民众宗教、大众宗教等术语。因为这些惯用术语是在官民、雅俗、制度性与非制度性甚至宗教 / 信仰与迷信、正祀与淫祀,尤其是西方与东方、文明与野蛮、愚昧、落后、原始等二元语境下产生的,并且在不尊重历史悠久的基层信众宗教实践的前提下,就先入为主地进行了优劣好坏高低的价值评判与定位。有鉴于此,乡土宗教这一概念指称的是底层信众的宗教实践,而非他们主动或被动的宗教归属的分类言说等意识形态。换言之,乡土宗教关注的是过去、现在以至将来民众实践的宗教。这里的“乡土”既指陈中国悠久的农耕文明所孕育的中国社会与文化的基本特征,也指这种特征在尚处于现代化转型的当代中国以及转型后的未来中国的余音、余韵。
(本文刊于《开放时代》2011年第9期)
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文章来源:中国民俗学网 【本文责编:思玮】
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