亚历山大呼唤强范式觉醒的一个重要理由是,“情感——尤其集体情感——正支配或统治着整个世界”(Alexander,2003∶1)。面对这种近乎绝对性的强力支配,他说,“文化社会学是一种社会心理分析。目标是将社会无意识提升为思想观念,让世间男女去思考他们自己的神话,创造新的神话”(Alexander,2003∶13)。他的用意在于提升文化重要性,但包含了社会结构无法摆脱文化(情感)渗透和预设、外在宏观结构力量难以驾驭内在心智所涉及的整个微观结构之道理。在这里,亚历山大的立场与唯心论观点近乎相通,尤其当他将文化社会学完全等同于纯粹心智的过程分析时,我们推断他只在狭义的内在于心的主观层面上使用“文化”字眼,这与伍斯诺、威廉姆斯等人界定的较为广义的文化概念及其文化社会学界定相去甚远。从这个意义上说,他在提升文化价值的同时亦收缩了文化界限。
最后,对“深描”所建构的文本寄予绝对信赖的亚历山大,视文本如同真实发生的具体事件,强调强范式乃用“具体事实解释具体事实”,而非抽象解释具体事实。由此推及文化社会学如同任何物质的、具体的事件一样具有客观性和重要性(Alexander,2003∶16)。但实际上,深描反映的事实文本往往难以捉摸,因为如果深描本身是概要的话,我们从中体悟的只是“局部在解释局部”(the local explains the local);倘若深描非常逼真,我们见到的则是“事实本身在解释事实”,留下的只是放弃解释的描述、叙事或故事,无理论可言。但让事实性凌驾意义似有违文化解释的初衷吧!
不管怎样,亚历山大的强范式学思取向代表文化社会学阵营的一股思潮给社会学理论和经验研究还是留下了独特的启示和思考。
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