[金慈恩]大跃进民歌研究
CNKI 中国博士学位论文全文数据库
大跃进民歌研究
【作者】金慈恩 【导师】吴思敬
【作者基本信息】首都师范大学，文艺学，2008年，博士
【中文摘要】 1958年的新民歌运动是在新中国特殊的政治意识形态下出现的大规模的群众文艺运动。本文旨在立足于1958年前后的主要刊物展开论题,客观再现新民歌的文化、政治背景,探讨它的主要内容与特征。第一章和第二章分析了大跃进民歌的发生语境、兴起和展开。新中国建立后出台的双百方针、反右斗争以及三面红旗政策,是为了克服当时社会所面临的政治经济危机,而新民歌运动是政策作用于文化领域的结果。第三章和第四章考察工农兵作家的出现与知识分子文学的危机等问题,以及新民歌与新诗的关系,从而揭示出作为主流的新民歌在新诗发展史上具有的标志性意义。并探讨民歌这种形式为什么会被权力话语选择而一跃成为时代的主流话语。这两章旨在表明,在新的社会形成的集权体制下,工农兵成为一切社会、文学革命的主体,并产生出强烈的自豪感,而知识分子则主动放弃个性追求,背上了“为工农兵服务”的重担,真诚的融入工农兵之中。第五章主要对“革命现实主义和革命浪漫主义两结合”的创作方法的理论特征与实践过程等问题进行研究,证明“两结合”创作方法是苏联“社会主义现实主义”理论的应对方针,并指出革命浪漫主义在“两结合”中处于优势地位,新民歌的浪漫性越是接近夸张和幻想,就越是符合大跃进运动的现实要求。第六章主要关注文本。根据主要刊物上发表的新民歌作品来分析新民歌的内容与表现方法。它体现出工农兵与政治一元化相结合、工农兵的自我膨胀倾向,以及过渡浪漫所致的夸张、幻想等。新民歌运动以政治话语的身份参与一场传播意识形态的泛政治化运动,表征着中国现代性建构实践的激进化。它在一体化认同建构过程中形成了对共产主义未来的渴望与追求,从而走向新诗主流化道路。但致使文学本身的价值陷入了尴尬的境地,真正的诗歌失去了独特的、永恒的魅力。这场运动在中国诗坛到底意味着什么?其意义就在于,建国后17年,中国一直在贯彻执行主流话语,而以文学的名义将其与大众相结合的第一次尝试,就是新民歌运动,同时也如实反映出权力抹煞文学真实价值的中国当代诗歌的命运。
【英文摘要】 This study aims to represent the cultural and political situation of“the New Folk Song”objectively with special reference to major periodicals around 1958, and with a view to finding out its historical significance, attempts to describe as follows:In Chapters 1 to 2, the study deals with the background, the rise, and the developmental process of“the New Folk Song Movement”in 1958. China, after its national foundation in 1949, put into operation the policy of“Three Red Flags”as a countermeasure for its political and economical crisis, and“the New Folk Song Movement”resulted from the countermeasure in the literary field. Here“the Great Leap Forward”was sung on the basis of“the People's Commune”, a collective writing space under the leadership of“the General Line”.Chapters 3 and 4 discuss the appearance of worker-, peasant-, and soldier-writers, the crisis of creative intellectuals and the relation between“the New Folk Song”and new poetry. When the literary initiative had passed to“the Workers, Peasants, and Soldiers”, they combined poetry and labor on the basis of their pride as the main group of social revolution, and as a result,“the New Folk Song”played a part as a main current of Chinese new poetry. Thus, intellectuals should take pains to think about the essential thing of poetry with a duty to serve for the workers, peasants, and soldiers.Chapter 5 observes the theoretical characteristics and practical process of the creative writing method to“Combine the revolutionary realism and the revolutionary romanticism”. The theory of“Combining two trends”is introduced as a countermeasure for U.S.S.R.'s socialist realism, and couldn't help making its way to hyperbole and fantasy putting stress on the revolutionary romanticism in accordance with the demands of reality.Chapter 6 investigates the main characteristics of“the New Folk Song”through the analysis of its typical works. Their contents concentrate to praise the party leaders and their political line.“The Workers, Peasants, and Soldiers”, however, raised their status by themselves to the level of leader governing the whole nation due to the fact that their pride made their self-capacity enlarge in consequence of overemphasizing their autonomy. Therefore, romanticism turned out to be false without the actual foundation.In conclusion,“the New Folk Song Movement”has no identity as folk literature from the viewpoint of the value of literary art. However, the first reason why the new folk song is worthy of notice is the fact that it resulted from Mao Tse Tung's populist belief to unite with people in the name of literature for the first time, which had been pushed on consistently during“the Cultural Revolution”since the foundation of Red China. The second reason it reflected completely on the destiny of contemporary poetical song of which literary value was compelled to disappear by political power.“The New Folk Song”led to the tragedy of“the Cultural Revolution”a couple of years later and the unification of Chinese literary circles as a signal to alarm the religious fanaticism of“the Red Guards”for the individual a
【中文关键词】 新民歌; “两结合”; 工农兵
【英文关键词】 The New Folk Song Movement; Combine the revolutionary realism and the revolutionary romanticism; “Workers; Peasants; and Soldiers”
【网络出版年期】2009年03期 【网络出版投稿人】首都师范大学 【网络出版投稿时间】2008-12-25 【DOI】CNKI:CDMD:1.2008.144512 攻读期成果
