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五四新文学的民间文学资源

The Folk Literature Resources of the May Fourth Movement New-vernacular Literature  

【作者】王文参 【导师】程金城

【作者基本信息】兰州大学，中国现当代文学，2006年，博士


【摘要 (中文/英文)】 中国现代民间文学运动,是在现代社会历史转型过程中出现的文学现象,也是重要的文化现象,同时又汇入中国现代思想发展史中。这一运动既从现代文艺思潮运动中汲取现代性因素,又有力地推动社会文化的民间化、平民化价值取向,同时,赋予五四新文学更浓厚的“平民的文学”、“人的文学”色彩。民间文学为中国现代文学提供了价值尺度、形式借鉴、艺术精神的滋养,并一度成为现代文学发展的方向。在五四新文学建设之初,以歌谣运动为中心,参与新文学的思想革新,为五四新文学酿造关注民间的现代文化氛围,奠定现代文艺学、现代学术的基础,提供拓展新文学文体形式的极大可能性,赋予白话新诗浓重的民间性、平民性。其中,胡适、刘半农、鲁迅等五四新文学作家的文学理论和运用民间文学创造新文学的实践,启发我们进一步深入探寻五四新文学的民间文学资源。 本文共分五章。第一章论述了清末民初启蒙思潮中,民间文学对社会思想变革和文学改良的推动作用。重点说明启蒙思潮对民间文学选择的自觉性;辛亥革命家运用民间文学形式对文学改良运动的推动作用;黄遵宪诗歌创作对民间文学的运用和对五四新文学的建设意义。 第二章论述以北京大学为中心的歌谣征集和研究,掀起了在思想文化领域内影响深远的歌谣运动,使现代民间文学更直接地促进了五四新文学的思想建设和文体革新。主要从四个方面说明:文学革命的爆发与北京大学歌谣征集运动同步发生,相辅相成:《歌谣》周刊创办以建设新文学、新学术为目的:《歌谣》周刊开展的民间方言、俗语研究极大地推动了五四新文学的文学语言建设;歌谣研究具有深远的新文学意义。 第三章分三个方面论述了歌谣运动影响下的新文学创作实践:歌谣给新诗建设提供了求真的艺术精神,文体形式为社会革命时期的文艺建设发挥了工具性作用;歌谣中的妇女和创作歌谣的妇女形象,为新文学创作中的“娜拉”形象规范了现实性,弥补了真实性;简单描述了李金发、沈从文、郭沫若等新文学作家创作起步时,歌谣和歌谣运动对他们创作的影响。 第四章论述了刘半农以民歌开拓新文学的理想和实践。首先,叙述了刘半农在新文学理论建设上的民间视野,以及他试验性的民间诗体建设所开拓的民间话语方式;其次,论述《扬鞭集》和《瓦釜集》借鉴吴地民歌取得的成就,显示了对“写真”理论的实践意义。 第五章较为详细地论述了鲁迅创作对民间文学的运用。分四个方面:鲁迅善于从民间歌谣中透视国民性问题;鲁迅创作中大量借用神话、童话、民间传

The Chinese modern folk literature movement, is the literature phenomenon appearing in the course of making the transition in modern social history, it is the important culture phenomenon too, while remit to China's modern thought development history. Sport this draw the modernity factor from the modern trend of thought in literature and art take exercises , already, promote the folk melting , popular value orientation of social culture effectively, at the same time, thickly entrusts with the May Fourth new-vernacular literature "common people' s literature", "human's literature" the color. The folk literature has provided the measure of value, the form model, artistic spirit nourishing for the Chinese modern literature, and once becomes the modern literature development the direction. At the beginning of the May Fourth new-vernacular literature constructions, take the ballad movement as the center, the participation new-vernacular literature thought innovation, is the May Fourth new-vernacular literature brews the attention folk the modern culture atmosphere, establishes the modern literature and art, the modern academic foundation, provides the development new-vernacular literature literary style form the enormous possibility, entrusts with vernacular free verse written in the vernacular strong folk, common people. Among them, Hu Shi, Liu Bannong, Lu Xun and so on the May Fourth new-vernacular literature writers' literature theory and the utilization folk literature creation new-vernacular literature practice, inspires us further thoroughly to inquire about the May Fourth new-vernacular literature the folk literature resources.This article altogether is divided five chapters. First chapter elaboration at the end of settling at the beginning of people in initiation ideological trend, folk literature to social thought transformation and literature improvement impetus function. Key explanation initiation ideological trend to folk literature choice self-consciousness;The Xinhai revolutionary utilizes the folk literature form to the literature improvement movement impetus function;Huang Zunxian poetry creation to folk literature utilization and to the May Fourth new-vernacular literature construction significances. The second chapter elaboration take the Beijing University as the central ballad collection and the research, raised has affected the profound ballad movement in the thought culture domain, made the modern folk literature to promote the May Fourth new-vernacular literature thought constructions and the literary style innovation directly. Mainly explained from four aspects that, The literary revolution eruption and the Beijing University ballad collection movement synchronization occurrence, complements one another;"Ballad" the weekly organizes take constructs the new-vernacular literature, is new academically as a goal;"Ballad* the weekly development folk dialect, the proverb research enormously impelled the May Fourth new-vernacular literature literary language constructions;The ballad research has the profound new-vernacular literature significanceThird chapter elaborated under the ballad movement influence new-vernacular literature creation practice. Divides three aspects: The ballad provided has asked the real artistic spirit to the free verse written in the vernacular construction, the literary style form to play tool characteristic the role for the social revolution time literary construction;In the ballad woman and the creation ballad female figure, for the new-vernacular literature creation in "Nala" the image standard feasibility, has made up the authenticity;Simply described when new-vernacular literature writer and so on Li golden hair, Shen Congwen, Guo Moruo creates the start, the ballad and the ballad movement the influence which creates to them.Fourth chapter elaborated Liu Bannong to develop the new-vernacular literature-by the folk song;the ideal and the practice. First, narrated Liu Bannong's in new-vernacular literature theory construction folk field of vision, as well as his experimental nature folk poetry form construction develops folk words way;Next, elaborates "Raises Whip Collection* and "Tile Cauldron Collection" profits from the achievement which the Wu folk song obtains, has demonstrated to "the portrait" the theory practice significance.Fifth chapter in detail elaborated Lu Xun to create to the folk literature utilization. Divides four aspects: Lu Xun is good at from the folk ballad the perspective nationalistic question;Lu Xun creates massively borrows the myth, the fairy tale, the folklore story, entrusts with the work intense folk mood, has developed the new-vernacular literature thought proposition, has created the new-vernacular literature uti 1 ization folk literature artistic model;In the Lu Xun work created "Lady Wa", "female has hung" and "Mei Jian Chi' s mother" and so on the feminine image, was seeping the individuality characteristic which Lu Xun despaired revolts, also has enriched in the new-vernacular literature creation the feminine principle connotation;The Lu Xun work widespread utilization folk joke, the proverb, the fable, the Shaoxing dialect, the proverb and so on, strengthen disputes the strength and vivid, is the May Fourth new-vernacular literature languages construction makes the successful model, in the demonstration new-vernacular literature construction course the national language huge vitality.

【关键词 (中文/英文)】 五四新文学; 民间文学; 资源 May Fourth new-vernacular literature; Folk literature; Resources

【发表年期】2006年09期 【网络出版投稿人】兰州大学 【DOI】CNKI:CDMD:1.2006.088384 攻读期成果