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福建张圣君信仰研究

The Study of Zhang-shengjun Cult in Fujian  

【作者】俞黎媛 【导师】林国平

【作者基本信息】福建师范大学，专门史，2006年，博士


【中文摘要】 本文以福建民间信仰为背景，透过文献和田野调查的大量资料，揭示在唐宋之际福建民间大规模的造神运动中，游方道士张圣君因其颇有法术，且急公好义、扶危济困而被福建民众推举为神的历史过程；并探讨由于地理环境、社会经济文化生活等客观因素的差异，张圣君信仰在明清以后地方化、民俗化的历史演变以及因区域分野而造就的祖殿林立，同时论述张圣君农业保护神和剪除邪怪的职能特征的确立。自宋代开始，张圣君信仰的地域范围一直向新的深度和广度拓展，并随着移民的脚步进入台湾，传向东南亚华人社区。由于社会经济文化的变迁，民间信仰自上个世纪80年代开始全面“复兴”，其中张圣君的职守及其各种民俗活动、信仰仪式也与时俱进，适应信众各种不同的祷祈需求。文化旅游带来可观的经济效益成为政府日趋关注的焦点，福建地方政府积极利用张圣君信仰文化资源促进地方旅游业的开发建设，但是只有整合全省张圣君信仰文化资源和旅游资源，才能实现并促进地方旅游开发建设的可持续发展。此外，通过分析张圣君与其他神祗之间竞争斗法、互相排斥收编、规避合作等传说文本，观照在民间信仰这个庞大的生态系统中，诸神如何通过时空维、功能维和关系维展开竞争合作，获得最佳生态位，保证在民间祀神体系中占有一席之地，进而维持整个民间祀神体系处于和谐、平衡状态。  

【英文摘要】 This paper takes the Fujian folk belief as the background, uses the massive data coming from field investigation and literature materials, promulgates the historical process that peoper deificated Zhang-shengjun who was a magic, zealouss for public interests and roming taoist priest that was following the large-scale movement of making gods in Fujian between Tang — Song dynasty. In Ming -Qing Dynasties, because of the difference of geographical environment, the social culture life, the history evolution of Zhang-shengjun cult secularizating and localizating that makes the great numbers of ancestor palace in different places. At the same time, the main function of protecting agriculture and eliminating the evils and ghostes of Zhang-shengjun cult was established gradually. Starting from Song Dynasty, the region scope of Zhang-shengjun was developing to new depth and breadth, and disseminated into Taiwan and the Southeast Asia Chinese people community along with the immigration footsteps. As a result of vicissituding of social economy and culture, folk belief was reviving comprehensively from last century 80's, and the the Zhang-shengjun 's function , folk custom activity, the belief ceremony are adapting with peoper all kinds of prays and demands nowdays. Local authorities pay attention to Zhang-shengjun cult for that gods could promote the development and construction of local tourism. But the authorities must conformity all kinds of Zhang-shengjun 's travel resources in each place that could promote local travel's sustainable development. In addition, through the fable text of competition and cooperation between Zhang-shengjun and other gods repelling that gods obtains the best ecology position by competing and cooperating in space and time Uygur, function Uygur and relationship Uygur, and guaranteeing the ecology system of folk belief in the state of harmony and equilibrium.  

【中文关键词】 福建; 民间信仰; 张圣君信仰

【英文关键词】 Fujian; folk belief; Zhang-shengjun cult

【网络出版年期】2007年02期 【网络出版投稿人】福建师范大学 【网络出版投稿时间】2006-12-05 【DOI】CNKI:CDMD:1.2006.180539 攻读期成果