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维吾尔民间禁忌研究

Research on Uighur Folk Taboos  

【作者】安尼瓦尔．赛买提 【导师】阿布都克里木·热合满

【作者基本信息】新疆大学，中国少数民族语言文学，2001年，博士


【中文摘要】 禁忌是一种广泛流传于民间的文化现象。本论文坚持马克思列宁主义的基本原理和历史唯物主义原则，根据个人的田野调查资料与有关文献记载相结合，试图对维吾尔民间禁忌进行全方位的探索，讨论渗透于民俗生活各领域的禁忌事象的产生、发展、演变及其对社会生活的规范作用等问题，并简要地论析与维吾尔民间禁忌禳解方法相关的巫术活动和巫医仪式。本论文的结构分为绪论、正文和附录三部分。 绪论部分介绍本课题的提出理由、理论意义、实际意义以及禁忌习俗在国内外的研究状况，同时提出论文的研究对象，树立由相关学科的研究方法组成的方法论体系。 正文由五章共十五节组成。 正文第一章详细论述了禁忌的定义，在此基础上解释禁忌与法律、道德等其它社会控制形式的异同问题。另外，与前辈学者的理论观点相结合，在六个方面探讨了禁忌起源的内在和外在原因。 正文第二章将注意力转移到维吾尔民间禁忌上，论析了维吾尔民间中存在的与“禁忌”近意的概念。由于禁忌习俗与宗教信仰有着千丝万缕的联系，出于对维吾尔民间禁忌历史演变理解的必要性，简要地论述了维吾尔先民所信仰的宗教以及宗教对民间禁忌的形成的影响。最后介绍了中外学者对禁忌结构与分类提出的理论和分类方法，同时制定了维吾尔民间禁忌分类的标准和具体分类模式。 第三章是对维吾尔民间禁忌的阐释性探讨。其中利用各类相关学科的成就，在不同的项目中对每一个禁忌事象进行了全面的剖析。本章里，维吾尔民间禁忌在《人体禁忌》、《礼仪禁忌》、《日常生活禁忌》、《行业禁忌》和《物事禁忌》等五大类及二十三个亚类中得到了解释。这章是论文的重点部分。 安尼瓦尔·赛买提：维吾尔民间禁忌研究 正文第四章是关于维吾尔民间消除灾害，治疗和补救违禁犯忌所引起的凶祸的方法一禁忌攘解方法部分。其中，具有民族特色的禁忌攘解方法分成两类．即事前设防的禁忌攘解方法和事后补救的禁忌攘解方法。笔者列举一些代表性的事物和活动，简明地探讨了民俗文化中的祛恶辟邪措施。 正文第五章涉及到有关维吾尔民间禁忌的一些理论和实际问题。首先，历吏地总结了禁忌习俗在维吾尔族历代社会生活中起到的积极的和消极的作用。其次，分析了民间禁忌的传承方式，同时提出了研究民间文学中禁忌主题的一些观点和主张。最后，探讨了当代社会的演变给维吾尔民间禁忌带来的本质性冲击问题和民间禁忌目前的淡化、消失等情况。 附录部分列出了本课题主要参考文献的目录。

【英文摘要】 The folk events called 搕aboo?are a worlwide cultural phenomena in hu- man society which have been handed down through the long course of history. This thesis adheres to the main principles of Marxism ?Leninism and their views of historical materialism ,and attempts to make a detailed study,based on the information obtained from field research and some relevant literature, on the origin, development,and function of folk taboos. In addition,it briefly ex- pounds the magical activities and some methods related to the removal of taboos. This thesis is composed of an introduction,text,and appendix. The text is divided into five sections and fifteen related chapters. The introduction explains the reason for putting forward the topic, as well as its theoretical and real significance. It also evaluates the former achievements of research on folk taboos and sets up the method of taboos study which comprises the research methods of other related sciences. The first section of the text discusses the definition of 搕aboo?and on the basis of this ,explains the similarities and differences between taboo and other social controlling measures, such as law and ethics. In addition ,combining the theory of taboos?origin,the author in six aspects probes into the internal and external causes which resulted in taboo customs. In the second section of the thesis, the author diverts attention to the Uighur folk taboos, and discusses the same concepts as 搕aboo攊n Uighur folk tradition. Because of the intimate relation between religious belief and folk .3. taboos, starting from the necessity of comprehension of taboos?historical evo- lution, the author briefly introduces Uighur ancestors?religious beliefs and their influences on the formation of folk taboos. Lastly, on the basis of Chi- nese and foreign scholars?classification, the author formulates the classifying criterion of Uighur folk taboos, and sets up a specific classifying model. The third secion of the thesis is the interpretation of Uighur folk taboos. The author makes use of related theories and achievements of related sciences, and makes comprehensive analysis of every taboo in different categories. In this section, all of the Uighur folk taboos are placed into five major categories, which are Human Body Taboos, Life Rituals Taboos ,Daily Life Taboos, Oc- cupation Taboos and Physical World Taboos, and their twenty ?three sub ? categories. This is the focal part of the thesis. The forth section is about methods of taboos?removal. The removal methods of Uighur folk taboos are discussed in two chapters梡rotection a- gainst taboos and remidial measures for the consequences of violating them. The author concisely probes into the measures of exorcising evil spirits and avoiding irregularities by citing some representative instances such as amulet, magical remedies ,etc. The fifth section involves some theoretical and real problems concerning Uighur folk taboos. First, It his torically summarizes positive and negative functions of taboos on Uighur Social Life. Second , it analyses the spread of folk taboos ,and also puts forward some viewpoints and propositions about re- searching the taboo motif in literary heritage. Finally, it discusses the essen- tial impact of the change of contemporary society on tradi  

【中文关键词】 民间禁忌; 迷信; 宗教戒律; 禁忌禳解 ; 禁忌主题

【英文关键词】 Folk Taboos; Supersitition; Religious Discipline; Removal of Taboos. Taboo Motif

【网络出版年期】2002年01期 【网络出版投稿人】新疆大学 【网络出版投稿时间】2001-09-13 【DOI】CNKI:CDMD:1.2001.003986 攻读期成果