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柳田国男日本人论研究

A Study on Kunio Yanagita's Nihonjinron  

【作者】孙敏

【导师】刘金才

【作者基本信息】北京大学，日语语言文学，2009年，博士

【副题名】基于柳田民俗学的考察

【摘要】 日本人论是以日本人为对象,对日本文化进行整体性思考和对日本民族文化身份认同进行研究的学说,研究日本人论对于探究和阐析日本民族、国家乃至日本整体文化的性质和特征,具有重要的学术价值和现实意义。本论文以柳田国男基于日本民俗学的日本人论为研究对象,从思想史的角度,以马克思主义历史唯物论和辩证唯物论为指导,采用历史学、社会学、文化人类学以及民俗学的理论和方法,对柳田学中日本人论的构成内容、性质特征进行了较为深入系统的考察和研究。本论文对柳田国男基于生活习俗、社会组织、民俗信仰的日本人论以及基于其“新国学”的日本民族国家论进行了考察。论文从衣食住居、年中节日、人生仪礼三个方面分析了柳田日本人论中的传统生活模式的共同性;从家族共同体、村落共同体、国家共同体三个层次分析了柳田日本人论中的共同体意识,指出了这种共同体意识与日本近代家族国家观的不同;从氏神信仰,即日本人的祖先信仰入手分析了柳田日本人论中的精神世界,指出了日本民间神道与日本近代国家神道的不同;从柳田的日本民族起源论、新国学与国学的关系、作为意识形态的新国学三个层次,剖析了柳田民族国家论的本质,阐明了其相对理性的文化民族主义性质,并指出了其中的天皇崇拜、阶级调和主义、政治民族主义等局限性。柳田国男的日本人论是相对理性的文化民族主义的“自我”建构,它与西化主义、国粹主义、国家主义、法西斯主义、战后民主主义的“自我”建构和文化人类学的“他者”建构不同,是建构新时代日本民族文化认同的一种新的模式。本论文通过对柳田国男基于民俗学的日本人论的研究,拓宽和深化了日本人论研究的领域,不仅对日本人论的研究、日本文化特质的研究提供了一个新的视角,而且可对缓解当今经济全球化背景下的文明冲突、促进异质文化的多元并存提供有益的启示。  

【Abstract】 Nihonjinron (Theories about the Japanese) is the theory that regards Japanese as the object of study, grasps Japanese culture holistically, and focuses on issues of cultural identity of the Japanese Nation. Therefore, it has important academic value and realistic significance for us to study Nihonjinron in order to delve and explain the nature and characters of the Japanese nation, country and even its overall culture. By applying the theories and methodologies of history, sociology, cultural anthropology and folklore, the thesis deals with the study of Kunio Yanagita’s Nihonjinron which is based on Japanese folklore from the view of history of ideas and under the instruction of Marxist historical materialism and dialectical materialism to probe into the contents, nature and characters of Kunio Yanagita’s Nihonjinron systematically.The thesis researches Yanagita’s Nihonjinron that contains lifestyle and customs, social organization, folk-custom and religious beliefs, and his“new national studies”-based Japanese national statism. It analyzes the intercommunity of traditional life pattern in Yanagita’s Nihonjinron from three aspects: basic necessities of life, festivals all the year round, and ceremonies of life. Meanwhile, it explores the community consciousness in Yanagita’s Nihonjinron from three levels: family community, village community, and nation community, and shows the differences between the community consciousness and Japanese neoteric familial state theory. Then the thesis probes into the inner world of Japanese in Yanagita’s Nihonjinron from clan god beliefs which are Japanese ancestor’s beliefs, and presents the differences between Japanese folk Shinto and Japanese neoteric state Shinto. Furthermore, it anatomizes the essence of Yanagita’s nation-state theory from three levels: Yanagita’s ethnogeny, relationship between New National Studies and National Studies, and New National Studies as ideology, unfolds its nature as rational cultural nationalism, and also points out its limitations, such as Mikado worship, class conciliationism, and political nationalism.Kunio Yanagita’s Nihonjinron is“self”construction of rational cultural nationalism, which differs from the“self”construction of occidentalism, nationalism, fascism and postwar democratism, and the“other”construction of cultural anthropology. It is a new pattern of constructing the new-era Japanese national cultural identity. Through the studies on Kunio Yanagita’s folklore-based Nihonjinron, the thesis expands and deepens the research field of Nihonjinron, which provides not only a new perspective for the researches on Nihonjinron and Japanese culture characters, but also useful revelations for relieving the clash of different civilizations against the current background of economic globalization and promoting the co-existence of heterogeneous cultures.

【关键词】 柳田国男; 日本人论; 日本民俗学; 民族文化认同

【Key words】 Kunio Yanagita; Nihonjinron; Japanese folklore; National cultural identity

【网络出版投稿人】孙敏 【网络出版投稿时间】2009-09-01 【网络出版年期】2009/10

【DOI】CNKI:CDMD:1.2009.142203 【分类号】G131.3