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社会转型期的民间信仰及其变迁——鲁中大广尧村民间信仰的个案研究
学位申请人姓名： 田 冲
导师： 向柏松教授
培养单位：文学与新闻传播学院
专业名称：民俗学
摘 要
民间信仰又称为民间宗教或民俗信仰，指“在民众中自发产生的一套神灵崇拜观念、行为习惯和相应的仪式制度”。在传统农业社会，民间信仰为广大民众所共有并传承，是民众意识的核心和灵魂，影响甚至支配着民众的观念与行动。它不仅融入人们的生活之中，成为人们生活的一部分，而且渗透在社会生活的各个方面，发挥着不可忽视的社会功能，其影响和作用超过了任何一种思想学说和宗教。本文以鲁中地区大广尧村的民间信仰为个案，分析了村落大众的民间信仰，借此深入探讨民间信仰的变迁、原因及乡村精神文化的缺失和重构等问题。同时，也为转型期民间信仰的变迁研究做出一个新的尝试。
本文共分为三部分：
第一部分绪论，主要介绍作者的选题缘由、研究意义、民间信仰变迁研究综述以及大广尧村的历史和现状。
第二部分是文章的核心部分，从多个侧面、多个角度对鲁中大广尧村的民间信仰进行研究和探讨，该部分共由四章组成。第一章从信仰对象、信仰方式、信仰群体三个方面系统介绍大广尧村民众的信仰世界，并从中归纳出乡村社会民众信仰的特点，以此为本文运用民俗学和人类学的理论对民间信仰变迁原因的阐释打下基础。第二章通过祭神仪式歌的概况、在人生礼俗中的应用、场景举例三个方面，展示出大广尧村民众以祭神仪式歌的形式对民间信仰的独特表达。第三章阐释民间信仰的现代变迁，运用文化变迁理论，通过信仰对象、信仰方式、信仰群体以及祭神仪式歌的变迁分析，指出民间信仰系统的自我调节、信仰主体的变化、多元文化的适应和趋同是乡村民间信仰变迁的主要原因，在此基础上进一步探讨了社会转型期村落信仰的断裂以及民间信仰变迁下乡村社会精神文化的缺失和重构等问题。
第三部分总结全文，指出民间信仰是乡民精神生活的重要内容，也是农村精神文明建设要改造和引导的重要部分。在社会主义新农村建设的今天，要搞好农村的精神文化建设就必须正视村落民间信仰。
关键词：社会转型期 民间信仰 变迁 重构
The Folk Beliefs in the Social Transitional Period and its Change
Abstract
Folk beliefs, also known as folk religion or folk-custom beliefs mean that among the public occur spontaneously the worship of ancestors and gods, the behaviors and the corresponding ceremony. In traditional agricultural society, the folk beliefs shared by people and inherited, are the core and soul of people’s awareness, and influenced and dominated people’s ideas and actions. The folk beliefs not only play an important part in people’s life, but permeate through every aspect of the society. Their influences and effects are beyond any school of thought and religion. Taking the folk beliefs in Daguang Yao Village of Mid-Shandong as a case, the author analyses the folk beliefs of people in villages, and further researches the change of the folk beliefs and the loss and reconstruction of rural spirit culture. The author makes a new study on the folk beliefs in the transitional period.
The paper consists of the following three parts:
Part1 Introduction Mainly introduces the reason why the author chooses the subject, the research significance, the study statement of the folk beliefs in the transitional period, and the history and current situation of Daguang Yao Village.
Part2 In the part, the author investigates and researches the folk beliefs in Daguang Yao Village of Mid-Shan Dong, and divides the part into the following three chapters: Chapter 1 The author introduces the beliefs of people in Daguang Yao Village of Mid-Shan Dong from the object of the beliefs, the ways of the beliefs and the group of the beliefs and generalizes the characteristics of the beliefs of people in villages, which lay foundations for using folklore and anthropology to explain why the folk beliefs change in the article. Chapter 2 The author shows that people in Daguang Yao Village have unique expressions on the folk beliefs in the form of sacrifice to gods. Chapter 3 The author explains the modern change of the folk beliefs, and by using the theory of cultural change analyses the object, the ways and the group of the folk beliefs and the change of sacrifice to gods, and indicates that the self-adjusting of the folk beliefs, the change of believers and adaptation and convergence of folk beliefs are the reason why the folk beliefs change, on the basis of which the author further researches beliefs in the social transition fracture village and the loss and reconstruction of rural spirit culture with the change of the folk beliefs.
Part3 Conclusion The author indicates the folk beliefs not only play an important role in spiritual life of people in villages, but also in the spiritual civilization construction in the countryside. In the Construction of New Socialist Countryside, to improve spiritual civilization construction in the countryside must face squarely the folk beliefs in villages.
Key words: social transitional period; folk beliefs; change; reconstruction
