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[美]韩书瑞 著:《北京:寺庙与城市生活1400-1900》(英文版)

[美]韩书瑞 著:《北京:寺庙与城市生活1400-1900》(英文版)

书名:北京:寺庙与城市生活,1400-1900(Peking: Temples and City Life, 1400-1900)
作者: (美)韩书瑞(Susan Naquin)
丛书: 无
页码: 816
出版机构: 加州大学出版社   
出版时间: 2000





内容简介  · · · · · ·
The central character in Susan Naquin's extraordinary new book is the city of Peking during the Ming and Qing periods. Using the city's temples as her point of entry, Naquin carefully excavates Peking's varied public arenas, the city's transformation over five centuries, its human engagements, and its rich cultural imprint.
This study shows how modern Beijing's glittering image as China's great and ancient capital came into being and reveals the shifting identities of a much more complex past, one whose rich social and cultural history Naquin splendidly evokes. Temples, by providing a place where diverse groups could gather without the imprimatur of family or state, made possible a surprising assortment of community-building and identity-defining activities. By revealing how religious establishments of all kinds were used for fairs, markets, charity, tourism, politics, and leisured sociability, Naquin shows their decisive impact on Peking and, at the same time, illuminates their little-appreciated role in Chinese cities generally. Lacking most of the conventional sources for urban history, she has relied particularly on a trove of commemorative inscriptions that express ideas about the relationship between human beings and gods, about community service and public responsibility, about remembering and being remembered. The result is a book that will be essential reading in the field of Chinese studies for years to come.

作者简介  · · · · · ·
Susan Naquin is Professor of History at Princeton University. Her earlier books include Millenarian Rebellion in China (1976) and Shantung Rebellion (1981); as coauthor, Chinese Society in the Eighteenth Century (1987); and, as coeditor, Pilgrims and Sacred Sites in China (California, 1992).
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本書的三大主旨,一是希望透過北京來看宗教的動力對城市生活的影響;一是挑戰過去認為明清是連續的假說;一是強調中國在現代早期(early-modern)所出現的新發展,特別是在十九世紀發展出來的新的機制和動員習慣,延續與影響到二十世紀的現代。接著交待了本書的史料來源,較特別的是作者提到清代刑科題本與碑刻史料也包含了許多有關城市生活史的資料。另外,作者也指出本書並不是要涉入近年來西方流行的「公共領域」(public sphere)或「市民社會」(civil society)的爭論,也不是要回答中國是否能走向民主化的問題,而是在指出中國歷史發展中出現社會自主(social activism)的可能性,並且應該把更多的注意力集中在宗教方面。作者指出過去的研究在方法論方面的缺點,如過去宗教史的研究太偏重教派、教義與思想,而人類學的共同體理論則無分城鄉,所以作者想另闢蹊徑,從城市寺廟來看共同體與地域認同的形成。

全書除導論與跋文之外共計十六章,以下略述各章主旨。第一章介紹北京城墻、水道等硬體設施,並指出城市的界線。第二章介紹北京內的神祗與僧道等神職人員。第三章大致介紹了北京寺廟的贊助者、資產、管制,並且大略介紹以寺廟為中心的公共活動。第四章描述明代北京城創建的歷史。第五章談到明代宮廷所建的廟壇。第六章討論明代前期北京城內的各類社群與其認同問題。第七章是論及晚明以後北京的變化。第八章描寫北京的風景名勝與寺廟的地位。第九章敘述明清之際朝代轉換過程中,北京城內社會結構的變化。第十章描述清政府對北京城的管制政策。在第十二章作者討論清據中國百年後北京城內旗、民之融合過程。第十三章描述清代北京的景觀。第十四章討論北京的宗教社團,主要是集中在東嶽大帝與碧霞元君信仰有關的社團。第十五章談及私人目的創建的宗教場所,如家廟、清真寺、教堂、喇嘛寺、齋堂、會館與行會等等。第十六章中作者討論北京寺廟的公共功能,包括市場、娛樂、救濟、慈善與政治等功能。

——巫仁恕

本书对北京城内的各个宗教场所的社会功能进行研究,认为它们逐渐成为近似于公共空间的设施,世俗化了的宗教活动也为城市居民的心理认同提供素材。韩书瑞利用大量的碑刻文本进行分析,并且引入集体记忆、景观学等理论,使得此书成为中国城市史的一部经典之作。

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