傳統的喚醒與發明——以福建陳坂宮開永媽祖廟的興建為例
The Revival and Invention of Tradition: A Case Study of the Building of Kai-Yong Mazu Temple, Chen-Ban Palace, Fu-Jian
內容提要:2011年以來,筆者因為一個偶然的因素,「被卷入」到故鄉——福建省永春縣外碧村陳坂宮開永媽祖廟的興建過程之中。本文希望通過這個信仰民族志案例的深描,反思地方信仰傳統之喚醒與發明是如何可能的。一方面,作為「神聖的陌生人」的外來神明——开永妈祖帶有「他者性」和「超凡性」能力,象徵性地肩負了一種「文明化的使命」,從而形成了與地方信仰傳統的相互鑲嵌、相互聯結;另一方面,作為「熟悉的陌生人」的「鄉賢」——曾經遠離故土而又暫時回到故土的「鄉賢」——则藉助特有的「關係網絡』,參與建構了合法化的地方信仰傳統,並進而影響到鄉村的當代文化建設導向。在這種文明化的「互惠」過程中,熟人社會的文化心理動力——「臉面」往往也展示出特有的文化表情。然而「熟悉的陌生人」開展這樣的「社會資本」的運作,究竟是一種創造性的發明,還是一種危險的消費?這个课题同样值得反思。
關鍵詞: 地方信仰傳統、社會資本、福建陳坂宮、開永媽祖廟、陌生人
作 者:陳進國,中國社會科學院世界宗教研究所 《宗教人類學》輯刊主編。
Abstract: Since 2011, due to an accidental event, the author has been involved in the building process of the Kai-Yong Mazu Temple of the Chen-Ban Palace, in Wai-Bi village (hometown to the author), Yong-Chun County, Fu-Jian. This article hopes to give a detailed account of this case of religious ethnography, to reflect on how is it possible that the local faith tradition can be revived and reinvented. On one hand, an alien goddess, the Kai-Yong Mazu as the “divine stranger”, with her “alterity” and “transcendence” symbolically undertook a mission of civilization, thus forming an inter-connection with the local tradition; on the other hand, country gentlemen as the “familiar strangers”, who had left their native land but have come back temporarily, are participants in the construction of a justified local tradition through a network of interpersonal relationships, thus having an impact on today’s cultural development of rural regions. In this process of reciprocity, “face” as a cultural-psychological motivation in an acquaintance society, often results in special cultural expressions. However, further reflection is needed on such an operation of social capital as conducted by “familiar strangers”: is it a creative initiative or a dangerous consumption?
Key Words: local faith tradition, social capital, Chen-Ban Palace in Fujian, Kai-Yong Mazu Temple, strangers
傳統的喚醒與發明——以福建陳坂宮開永媽祖廟的興建為例 1
The Revival and Invention of Tradition: A Case Study of the Building of Kai-Yong Mazu Temple, Chen-Ban Palace, Fu-Jian 1
一、導論:「傳統」的恢復如何可能 2
二、永春縣外碧村的宗族簡史和信仰傳統 4
(一)宗族簡史 4
(二)信仰傳統 7
三、永春海神信仰的記憶及臺灣奉天宮媽祖的「分靈」 12
(一)永春的海神信仰傳統和媽祖信仰記憶 12
(二)臺灣奉天宮媽祖「分靈」永春陳坂宮的緣起 15
四、開永媽祖文化的弘揚與地方信仰傳統的發明 24
(一)開永媽祖的巡安繞境與謁祖進香活動 25
3、前往閩台祖廟的「謁祖進香」活動(2012、2013) 29
(二)「天心慈善會」的成立與孝慈文化活動的推廣 32
(三)兩岸社會名流的題詞與新聞媒體的報道 36
五、結論:「陌生人」與「社會資本」的危險消費 38
主要參考文獻: 41
附錄1:陳坂宮開永媽祖廟碑銘 42
附錄2:福建陳坂宮開永媽祖廟媒體報道目錄 45 作者: 南池子 时间: 2013-12-24 18:02