曹老师的归纳:
任何“现在”都有它的过去;现在是历史时间线上的瞬间。这,那些以具有長远文化历史纪录的音乐传統为研究对象的民族音乐学学会有切身体会。人类学偏向的民族音乐学学者,由于人类学本身在视野和方法学对可观的现时之偏向,往往缺乏真正意义的历史概念。本文作者强调历史研究也应该是民族音乐学的一部分。
文章结构有4个部分:
请同学注意下列文章中的各段落:
p. 219 Ethnomusicology is often …concerned …with the present…yet each music, as each society, is the temporary result of continuing historical processes…any picture of the present that is not informed by an appreciation of the historical dimension is incomplete.
p. 220 Textual scholars tend to give written documentary evidence a privileged status in relation to other forms of evidence, such as oral tradition. Oral tradition may also be acceptable as a historical resource, and often records different kinds of information from written documents … However, oral history seldom has a time depth of more than a few centuries, and may tell us more about the present than about the past 口传历史的相对历史时值有其局限性…. Artifacts offer a degree of intimacy with the past that is lacking in other types of evidence…. Nettle: historical musicologists study “content of musical change”; ethnomusicologists study “processes of change”. It may be doubted, however, whether the two aspects can be separated. Nettl的“历史音乐学是研究音乐内容的变化”,“而民族音乐学是研究音乐变化的过程”,这种提法是有疑问的,因为兩者之分界并不是那么清晰的。
这是典型汉学家的研究取向
p. 222
这正是中国固有的学术传統一直在做的事!在此,我们要借监的不是人类学,而是中国的固有史学学术传統。
p. 228 – 229 But there is no reason to assume that the anthropological perspective is the only valid one in ethnomusicology….民族音乐学没道理一定要接受人类学是它的唯一视野The challenge is therefore…to integrate historical enquiry into the overall scheme of ethnomusicological studies…. Rice’s “re-modeling”: “historical construction” is seen as one of the “formative processes” that brings music into being, and as organically related to “social maintenance” and “individual creation and experience”…. This approach does not require all ethnomusicologists to become historians (or anthropologists), but helps us to relate the work of specialists working in different traditions, 这里是作者为他和其他音乐历史研究的学者伸诉,因为多年来他们的声音给人类学偏向的民族音乐学学者所淹没and encourages us to seek a diachronic历史研究 as well as a synchronic人类学偏向的共时研究, a historical as well as a social understanding of musical phenomena…. Historical ethnomusicology thus offers to bridge the conventionally accepted artificial boundary between ‘ethnomusicology’ and ‘musicology’, a development desired by many in both camps…. 融合由人为造成的“民族音乐学”和“音乐学”的分界,是兩个阵营都希望的事This is a severe challenge; but if it is met, we may hope to see historical ethnomusicology develop an important role within a re-united global musicology.