【Abstract】 There are four kinds of famous ancient play in Chinese opera field since it is very early. One of those is Shandong's local opera. It can be seen that Shandong's opera played an important role in the Chinese opera history. Shangdong's opera has a long history, diverse and colorful, many of them are full of shangdong' local characteristics. Altogether there are several dozens types to be popular successively in history. Lvju has a long history, more than 100 years. By its unique tune, performance, and dance, Lvju has attracted many people's judgments, not only developed into the biggest local opera in Shandong, but also became one of the eight famous local opera in china. Lvju based on the traditional art form -Qinshu, adopted "Fengyang song " as its main tune, and profited from other folk performing arts forms. It was the outcome of culture development of shangdong province, especially of Yellow River delta. Meanwhile it was influent by the whole QiLu culture. So Lvju has deeply culture foundation. However, for some reason, predecessors study to Lvju was not very completely, most of those study remained on the origin, music characteristic, performance, and some other aspects of Lvju. The study and analysis on Lvju's Cultural connotation is very defective. Therefore, this article will embark from the cultural angle of view, studies Lvju by the cultural anthropology's academic idea and the elementary theory. The full text is divided into four chapters, plus an introduction and a conclusion.The introduction elaborate the origin and the significance of this topic, the present situation of Lvju research, the mentality, the method and this innovates of this article. One of the causes that I select this topic is Lvju's survival condition at present. The other cause is the present situation of Lvju research. This article advocated that profits from the concept system, the method and the material of cultural anthropology to explanation esthetics question and the esthetic phenomenon, causes the abstract ponder of esthetics established on real diagnosis investigation and the rich material of anthropology, activate esthetics ponder to folk esthetic tradition and native place question. At the same time, this article also believed that integrates the edge and the folk art into the vision of esthetics research, may break through the esthetics research tradition which is mainly carry on the metaphysical ponder to the mainstream art, the classical art so as to summarizes some esthetic principle, and may favor esthetics absorpt esthetic experience that from the edge and the folk. Lvju is one of Shandong's representative kinds of drama, its culture is miniature of the entire QiLu culture, the research on Lvju is advantageous to understand the QiLu overall culture deeply. This article will try to explore the production, the esthetic characteristic, the cultural function, as well as cultural change and social change reflected by the prosperity and the decline of Lvju. The innovation of this article mainly manifests in the prominent cultural field of vision. The author will try to contemplation Lvju from the cultural vision, to research Lvju's material culture (musical instrument as well as society culture related with musical instrument), Lvju's system culture (music system, rhythm system and creation performance system), Lvju's Spiritual culture (transcendent pursue, esthetic consciousness, spiritual direction and race psychological feature) and so on. All the aspects that Lvju concerns culture are involved in my research.The first chapter mainly research Lvju's generation. Embark from the embryology and cultural anthropology's angle, combs Lvju's successional variation process which is from utilitarian expression under the human survival crisis to the non-utilitarian expresses feelings. The author try to carry on the macroscopic theory reconsideration to Lvju's survival background and historical environment, carry on historical tracing form source to branch of Lvju, and carry on historical and various prove to Lvju's numerous viewpoints concerns with sources and courses. Afterward, the author proposed the viewpoint of multiple source syntheses. Inquired into that the Lvju geography cultural context as well as the cultural history origin, we can find that the Lvju's popular region present the geography character of the geography culture, and Lvju is the outcome of the Yellow River delta folk literary arts' multiple fermentations. With massive historical fact, the author will try to outline and to describe the Lvju's primitive shape. then inquires about and extrapolates the primitive motive, the psychology and the cultural context that the people in the north part of shangdong diligently to create this spiritual life way and the intellectual production. The firstly formation reason of Lvju is Lyju's most intrinsic regulation in to a great extent. Thus, the artistic essence of Lvju can be revealed finally. The process exactly realizes Lyju's art, essence, anthropology return to original state.The second chapter mainly research Lyju's aesthetic characteristic. Placing Lvju in QiLu culture big background, combining Lyju's creation (including text and melody), Lyju's performance (including clothing and stage) and the Lyju's music practice as well as Lyju's dissemination and accepts, the author conclude Lyju's unique esthetic characteristic which mainly includes the following several attributes: 1st, the theme orientation of moral practice rational; 2nd, the simple plain folk narrates; 3rd, the music style which is gentle, graceful and plaintive; 4th, all the schools has its unique characteristic. Afterward, starting from Shandong region environment which caused Lyju's production, mature and stereotype, by the view of Chinese culture geography, the author carries on the tracing to Lyju's local flavour. The end result is that "the kernel" cultural tradition of QiLu, honest community disposition characteristic of shangdong native as well as the simple and honorable QiLu folk custom percolation is the origin that forms the Lyju's rural beauty of QiLu, is also the origin that Lyju's rural beauty of QiLu continue to this day.The third chapter mainly research Lvju historical vicissitude as well as contemporary survival crisis. In order to demonstrat a kind of drama's esthetic historical culture vicissitude, the author utilizing case study's method, combining society and culture and other reasons caused its prosperous, carries on the introduction and analysis to the important Lvju historical fact which conclude Its predecessor Qinshu, its existence and development in the village, as well as its prosperous time's cultural ecology in the 1950s. After the general survey in the spot to Lyju's survival present situation, the author propose an viewpoint that in now social culture shape, Lvju exists simultaneously two kinds of ecological environment two different cultural context as well as two kinds of. The two kind different shapes is primary shape and variation shape. The folk theatrical troupe attached to the village cultural context present primary shape. The national theatrical troupe attached to the civic culture background present variation shape and this variation shape refers to reorganization on the basis of primary shape. Through contrast study to the two kind of phenomenon, the author draws the conclusion that Lvju is still very prosperous at present, the folk theatrical troupe is still the main body in Lvju performance at present, as well as the village is still Lvju main survival background. Finally, in the current expense society, Lvju is the edge situation, its valid status facing approval crisis. The author will inquire into crisis's root of Lvju from esthetic traditional vicissitude, the contradiction between Lvju own esthetic characteristic and mainstream entertainment culture characteristic, and some other angles.The fourth chapter mainly research Lvju contemporary survival value and the cultural ecology reconstruction. Contemplate Lvju's survival reality from the angle of the reconstruction of macroscopic esthetics or literature theory, attach importance to Lvju energetic cultural value, the social cohesive value, the entertainment value, the educational value, the economic value, and so on multi-dimensional measure of value, then draw the conclusion that Lvju has multi-dimensional value to people's presently survives, and then proposes the importance of Lvju ecologically-conscious culture reconstruction. Afterward, unifies the fact that Chinese and foreign play's development, the author proposed some protective measures, such as establish Lvju ecology museum, establish Lvju"the human live wealth system", establish Lvju network museum, establish Lvju network theatrical troupe, and so on. As well as some
【关键词】 吕剧; 生成; “齐鲁乡土美”; 文化变迁; 文化生态重建
【Key words】 Lvju; Generation; Rural Beauty of QiLu; Cultural Changes; Cultural ecology reconstruction
