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[刘颖]《中国文学现代转型的民俗学语境》

中文题名    中国文学现代转型的民俗学语境
  
论文作者    刘颖著

导师    陈勤建指导   

学科专业   文艺学

研究领域\研究方向    文艺民俗学

学位级别    博士  

学位授予单位    华东师范大学

学位授予日期    2006
论文页码总数    195页

关键词    中国文学 民俗学 文学研究  

馆藏号    BSLW 2007 I206.6 29  

【中文摘要】     
       中文摘要 晚清和五四这两个阶段确立了中国现代性由器物、政体到精神

文化，由“强国保种”到“新民”再到“立人”的启蒙主义价值体系的架构，而

此期的文学则感性地体现了晚清至五四中国现代性发生和构建的历史过程，也因

此被称作启蒙文学。启蒙价值体系中的“种”、“民”、“人”、“国...
       中文摘要 晚清和五四这两个阶段确立了中国现代性由器物、政体到精神

文化，由“强国保种”到“新民”再到“立人”的启蒙主义价值体系的架构，而

此期的文学则感性地体现了晚清至五四中国现代性发生和构建的历史过程，也因

此被称作启蒙文学。启蒙价值体系中的“种”、“民”、“人”、“国民性”等

概念则暗含了民俗学的研究范畴，“强国保种”到“新民”再到“立人”的启蒙

主义价值的渐进实际上也指示了科学意义上的民俗学理念在中国的滥觞、运用、

确立的过程。基于这一思路，本文试图从传统文学与风俗的互为因果的关系入手

，确立从民俗学的角度来探究中国文学现代转型的发生、确立以及文学创作的形

式与内容的转化等问题，理清清末民初及五四的民俗观念与中国文学现代转型的

内在关系，即在中国文学现代转型的发生原因，怎样发生以及发生状况如何等问

题上，民俗及民俗学理念究竟起到了什么样或多大程度上的作用。
       本文共分六章。第一章“中国文学现代转型的民俗学语境之形成”，主要

探讨晚清社会在西学影响下思想观念、社会风气的转变、文学运行机制中新因素

的出现以及传教士这一新型民群的文化影响尤其是对他们对中国社会风俗的批判

与改革思想等对中国文学由古典向现代的转型所营造的社会文化环境，在此基础

上形成了一个启蒙民俗思潮。假借进化论之名而被介绍到国内的西方民族学、人

类学以及社会学又促使中国民俗学的滥觞。以上这些可以说为中国文学现代转型

提供了一个民俗学的语境。
       第二章“文学观念转型开端的深层民俗学机制”，主要是对于文学观念转

型背后的民俗学理念的挖掘。小说、戏曲一改其不登大雅之堂的小道地位而被视

为“文学之最上乘”，文学由“载道”的政治附庸地位转向独立的艺术门类的悄

然开始，这一方面是由于西方进化论在中国的传播与接受，另一方面得力于晚清

民初的民俗理念尤其是注重民俗比较以及人心风俗的改造——的推动。而创造新

文学的第一人梁启超提出的新民说，则是晚清“人心风俗”改造理论之集大成。

他所倡导的三界革命，就是为如何“新民”而找到的不二法门，尤其是小说界革

命，从此揭橥文学的国民性改造主题，并且将小说的地位提升到前所未有的高度

。
       第三章“现代转型的确立期文学与民俗学之血缘关系”，从文化立场观念

的转变与民俗学的确立、五四时期的文艺民俗观、新诗与民歌的关系、问题小说

之问题与民俗学的研究对象、乡土小说的确立几个方面来具体展开五四时期文学

与民俗学的这种密切关系。
       第四章“文学表现主体的确立与民俗学之‘民’”以及第五章“文学旨归

的定向与民俗学之‘俗’”主要是从内容上来论述转型期文学与民俗学的关系。

从晚清开始以“民本”思想为核心的“民”观念的激活使得启蒙民众成为先进知

识分子的救国诉求，这也就造成了文学表现主体平民化的倾向，普通民众在五四

时期终于进入作家的视野。按群体可以划分为女性、儿童、青年、知识分子、农

民等类别，而他们在某种程度上来说都是在民俗学理念观照下的“民”或“人”

，因为无论“新民”还是“立人”都主要是以改造国民劣根性——精神民俗之恶

为旨归。第五章中主要从晚清小说对世风陋习的抨击以及对新俗的向往、国民性

的揭露与褒扬、民俗个性心理的建构与张扬等节来具体论述转型期文学对民俗学

之“俗”的展现，对陋俗的抨击、良俗的褒扬以及新俗的养成等。
       第六章“文学之俗化与文学的世俗精神”，主要从形式上来看待现代转型

期文学所表现出的“俗”质。从民俗语言——白话在新文学中的胜利、民俗文体(

小说与戏曲)取得正宗地位、现代文学的一翼——通俗文学的接受情况这三方面具

体进行。
       关键词：中国文学现代转型 民俗学语境 深层民俗学机制 表现主体的确

立 文学旨归的定向 文学的世俗精神


【外文摘要】           Abstract The formation of Chinese modernity,

marked by the gradual establishment of its enlightenment value system

from "strengthening th...  
       Abstract The formation of Chinese modernity, marked by the

gradual establishment of its enlightenment value system from

"strengthening the country and protecting the genes" to "enlightening

the folks" and to "becoming enlightened people " has gone through its

physical and institutional to ideological changes during the late Qing

Dynasty and the May fourth period. The literal works created during

those periods have reflected the historical changes. And they are,

therefore, identified as literature of enlightenment. The key concepts

in the enlightenment value system such as "genes", "folks", "people"

and "characters of the folks" implicate the research field of folklore.

The gradual formation of the enlightenment value system from

"strengthening the country and protecting the genes" to "enlightening

the folks" and to "becoming enlightened people " actually indicates the

progress of folklore as a scientific discipline starting from initial

period to the application and establishment stages. Based from what she

mentioned from above, the author has made an attempt, from the

viewpoint of folklore by exploring the relations of traditional

literature and living habits, to analyze the transformation of the

modern Chinese literature from its starting to its development and

changes of the literal styles and the contents. The author has

clarified the integral relations between the folklore concepts evolved

from the late Qing and the modem transformation of Chinese literature.

The author has put her emphasis on how important roles the folklore and

folklore concepts have played on the whys and hows of the literal

transformation and existence.
      The dissertation is divided into six chapters. In the first

chapter "The Context of the Modern Transformation of Chinese

Literature: the Formation of Folklore", the author has devoted her

attention to have explored the social and cultural environment of the

late Qing Dynasty. The criticism and the call to reform the Chinese

social customs due to the gradual ideological and social conventional

transformation under the western influences, the evolvement of the new

factors of literal movement and the cultural influences from the

missionaries have formed the folk enlightenment movement, thus having

paved the social and cultural background for Chinese literature to

transformation from its classical form to modern style. With the

introduction of Darwin's evolutionism, western ethnology, anthropology

and sociology are also introduced to China, thus stimulating the

beginning of Chinese folklore. These folk conscious factors have

attribute to the transformation of Chinese literature to its modernity.
      In Chapter Two "The Beginning of the Literal Concept

Transformation: the profound folklore influences", the author has

explored the ideas of folklore which have influenced the transformation

of the literal concepts. Novels and operas, which have been looked down

upon traditionally, have been regarded as the best representation of

literature. Literature, which has been mouthpiece of politics has

gradually gained its position as an individual artistic genre. The

transformation is on one hand due to the spread of evolution and on the

another hand due to the impetus to change the social customs when the

intellectuals have compared others' customs during the late Qing

Dynasty and early Republic period. Lianf Qichao, the first creator of

the new literature, has put forward the idea to enlighten the folks.

The idea is the theoretical representation of "everybody cares about

customs" starting from the late Qing Dynasty. What Liang Qichao

advocates in the revolution in three fields concentrates on

enlightening the folks. His revolution in novels focuses on reforming

the characters of the folks. The function of novels has reached

unprecedented position.
      In Chapter Three "the establishment of Modern Transformation: the

Integral Relations Between Literature and Folklore ", the author has

discussed the integral relations between folklore and the literal works

created during the May Fourth Period. The author has specifically

analyzed from the changes of cultural concepts and the establishment of

folklore, the literal folklore during the May Fourth period, the

relations between new poetry and folk songs, problems in problem novels

and the research objects of folklore and the establishment of novels

describing countryside In Chapter Four "What Literature Should Portray

and the Folks in folklore" and in Chapter five " The Aim of Literature

and the folk Behaviours in Folklore ", the author has explained from

the contents the relations between folklore and literal creations

during the transformation period. The concentration on the concept of

"folks" starting from late Qing Dynasty stimulates the progressive

intellectuals to realize the importance to enlighten the folks so as to

strengthen the country, thus causing the literature to describe the

common folks. Common people, such as women, children, youngsters,

intellectuals and farmers become the main objects of the writers during

the May Fourth period. These common folks are the main objects folklore

studies. "Enlighten the folks" and "becoming enlightened people" are

both concerned about reforming the bad habits of the folks. Chapter

Five concentrates on how literature has stimulated the discarding the

bad and cultivating the new by discussing specifically what the novels

of late Qing Dynasty described: the attacks of the bad habits and

yearning for new habits; the exposure of the characters of the folks

and the construction of the healthy individuals.
      In Chapter Six "The Secularization of Literature and the Secular

Spirits of Literature", the author has explored from the styles the

secular aspects the literature of transformation period has

demonstrated. The author has discussed the topic from three aspects:

the folk speech—vernacular successfully replaces the classical written

form in new literature; folk genres ( novels and operas) become the

main forms in literature and the popular literature (one form of modern

literature) has widely accepted by the public.
      Key Words: modern transformation of Chinese literature, folklore

context, profound folklore structure, establishment of the main

portrayal, the aim of literature, secular spirits of literature

来源：国家图书馆博士学位论文库