luody

解构与重建—十七年文学中的伦理嬗变

Deconstruction and Reconstruction-the Ethics Evolution of 17-year Literature

【作者】吕海琛 【导师】李新宇

【作者基本信息】吉林大学，中国现当代文学，2007年，博士


【摘要 (中文/英文)】 本文突破以往从政治和文学的关系入手研究十七年文学的惯用视角,以伦理为切入点,在文本细读的基础上对十七年文学中的伦理观进行了系统的考察。笔者找到两个与十七年文学伦理观生成相关的参照点:一个是以儒家伦理为核心的传统伦理体系,另一个是近代以来主要是五四时期形成的以“个人”为本位的现代伦理体系。通过十七年文学与二者之间发生的关系来考察其伦理观建构,在“破”与“立”两个路径上展开对十七年文学伦理观的论证:一方面,考察十七年文学是如何对待传统伦理和现代伦理的;另一方面,考察十七年文学是如何建构自身伦理体系的,在这一过程中它和民间伦理之间发生了怎样的联系。本文旨在通过解析“文学·伦理·政治”之间的互动,总结十七年文学伦理建构的成败得失,以期能对现实伦理建构起到警示作用。

Compared with the traditional and modern ethics, this dissertation takes the ethics as the starting port, and conducted investigation on“17-year Literature”systematically.“17-year”is a highly exchange time of politics and ethics, with the core of revolutionary moral which forms“one unification”. Therefore, with the comparison of any other literature in history,“17-year Literature”has to undertake double obligation: political publicity and social ethics resources integration, which is over heavy and hard. The feedback of literature to politics will be reflected from the inner ethics value. The political elements usually become the dominant ethics resources as the external condition for building up ethics value. Therefore, ethics plays a very vital role which can not be neglected in the“17-year”when sticking on“politics first, artistic second”. Since the“17-year Literature”combines the political and moral functions, it has shown the specification of all in one when constructing ethics. This“all in one”model has made the text show a certain of tension. “17-year Literature”has constructed new ethical system with the core of revolutionary moral through“traditional”and“modern”ethical pattern. This article breaks through the common view that studies 17-year literature through the relations of the politics and the literature, and takes ethics and morals as the starting port to inspect the ethics view’s producing condition of 17-year literature. The goal is explain the characteristic of variation of 17 -year literature ethics through the interaction between literature, politics and ethics interaction.Then it promulgates the deficiency of 17-year ethics resources with the Marxism dialectical development view and standing in the modernity point It will be advantageous to the construction of ethics view in the futher. This dissertation consists of 4 chapters. Chapter 1 the subversion to traditional ethics The ethics construction of the“17-year Literature”has to break up traditional ethics and establish self ethics system. Faced with Father and Husband Power, and taking blood as the bridge of feudalism ethical system, the first problem that“17-year Literature”has to resolve is reestablish Bi-sex relationship, and totally subvert the concept that“the male is better than the female”. The strengthen of female awareness is an obvious feature of“17-year Literature”. Women’s social and political status has been improved greatly, and they have come out of their private house, and engaged themselves into every field for social production. In the meantime, they have earned equal rights with men rather than living as men’s affiliation. They are being protected politically and legally when running after marriage freedom, and the traditional virtue specially for women has been spurned. During the process of traditional ethics subversion, feudalism parents power has been challenged, and the youth actively escape home. All these show that traditional family ethics has been destroyed. Simultaneously, that“class”has become the highest standard of whether it is family members has replaced the traditional ethics. Chapter two Deconstruction to modern ethics Except for alteration and subversion to traditional ethics,“17-year Literature”has also deconstructed self departmentalism in the May Fourth Period. The collectivism destroyed the system of individualism.“17-year Literature”has deconstructed modern ethical system with the core of“human”in the May Fourth Period.“I”has been rejected because collectivism has spurned individualism. In front of politics, the individual has to control their personal feelings; intellectuals with strong and sensitive personalities have become foundlings of that time.People can conquer individualism through revolutionary sense. Therefore,“person”has been substituted by“people”, and“human”has been substituted by“national character”. Chapter 3 The construction of Utopian Ethics. Through subversion to traditional and modern ethics,“17-year Literature”has constructed the ethical order with heavy utopian color. With the core of revolutionary value, and“loving nation, loving party and loving socialism”as construction logics,“17-year Literature”has constructed heavy utopian national ethics. It regards selfishness as moral appeals, and moulds moral vane ----hero and new-age person. Not only the confrontation between public and private, but also dealing with the conflicts of the two roads, all these can express the revolutionary moral request of“17-year Literature”. Chapter four: Corresponding revolutionary and folk ethics. The pursue of aesthetics of populism have provided premise and possibility for the correspondence between revolutionary and folk ethics. The admiration to the“workers, peasants and soldiers”has made them the main performance objects in literature, while the new social image has become the example for people to learn. The combination of the Revolutionary ethics and folk ethics firstly show the alteration on marriage concept. The revolutionary ideal has explained the traditional family status concept. In“17-year Literature”, traditional marriage value has changed, class position, political status, thought progress have become the new standard for marriage, from which the new marriage style–mutually helping, has been built up. Secondly, in the aspect of“love affairs”, the“17-year Literature”, based on class conflict, has realized mutual transformation between traditional and revolutionary ethics. The“17-year Literature”has constructed the ethical moral system with class as the standard, it has subverted traditional ethical relationship of human beings, and denied modern ethics which takes individual as standard. Nowadays, when we reflect the“17-year Literature”with Human as the heart of ethical construction, we have to be surprised for losing human nature. The people-oriented literature is human’s research, and it should be the root of literature ethical construction.When the ideal of“our final consciousness”has not been realized which proposed by the pioneer of the May Fourth Period, any attempts to borrow 17-year literature ethics resources are inopportune.

【关键词 (中文/英文)】 十七年文学; 传统伦理; 现代伦理; 革命伦理; 民间伦理

【发表年期】2008年06期 【网络出版投稿人】吉林大学 【DOI】CNKI:CDMD:1.2008.020672