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巴人尚武精神研究

【作者】曾超 【导师】胡绍华

【作者基本信息】中央民族大学，专门史，2005年，博士


【摘要 (中文/英文)】 一、选题价值 巴人是中国古代深有影响的民族,它对中华民族的形成与发展,对中华民族大一统的形成与巩固,对中华民族凝聚力的形成与强化,对中国传统文化的生成与丰富均有着极大的贡献。巴人尚武精神作为巴人民族精神的重要构成,在巴人民族精神体系中占有至为突出和重要的地位,因此,对巴人尚武精神的研究,有助于: (一) 深入认识中华民族及中华民族精神。长期以来,人们更多注意的是对中华民族精神及其价值的研究,对巴人与中华民族的关系,巴人对中华民族的特殊贡献,特别是巴人民族精神对中华民族精神的卓越价值关注不多。因此,对巴人、巴文化及其民族精神的研究,有助于深化对中华民族及中华民族精神的认识。 (二) 深入认识巴人及其文化精神。巴人是一个对中华民族有过卓越贡献的古代民族,它积极从事统一战争,创建中原封建政权,巩固统一王朝,勋业昭著:它披荆棘,辟草莱,建家园,积极进行经济开发,成果显著;它的巴渝舞、竹枝词、白虎文化、跳丧等,文化灿烂;它的尚武精神、开放精神、德性精神、巫教观念等,突出显眼。因此,对巴人尚武精神的研究,有助于我们更加系统全面深入地认识巴人的文化及其民族精神。 (三) 弥补巴文化研究的不足。自上世纪三十年代学术界注意到巴文化以来,学者们经过近八十年的辛勤探索,巴文化研究取得了极为丰硕的成果。可学者们更多关注的是巴人的称谓、族属、起源、迁徙,巴人的政治、经济、文化,巴人的政权、疆域、民族构成,巴人的文化交流与交往等,而对巴人的民族性格、民族精神等则研究较少。巴人尚武精神研究旨在于通过对巴人的尚武精神作深入细致的考察,系统全面的探索,弥补巴人民族精神研究不足。 二、研究思路及方法 (一) 研究思路 借助对巴文化显著特征的总体把握,抽象出巴人的民族文化精神体系,考察巴人尚武精神在此体系中的独特地位;以巴人的尚武精神为切入点和主线,考察巴人尚武精神的文化表征,探讨这些表征与巴人尚武精神的因缘关系;对巴人的尚武精神进行价值评估,总结出它对巴人本身、对中华民族的重要价值和作用,深入剖析巴人尚武精神的成因。 (二) 研究方法 充分利用固有的巴文化研究成果,综合运用历史学、民族学、民俗学、文化学、宗教学、考古学和社会学等学科的方法,对巴人的尚武民族精神进行系统全面的研究。 三、基本观点和创新突破 (一) 基本观点 1、巴人民族精神是一个内容极为丰富的庞大体系,生存观念、尚武精神、爱国风范、巫教精神、德性精神和开放精神在巴文化中均有极为充分的显示。在这个体系中,尚武精神占据了极为重要的地位。如果说生存观念是巴人民族精神的原点,那么尚武精神就是保证巴人生存的手段;巫教精神则是弥补巴人信仰的不足,是对 巴人尚武精神调剂的补充;爱国风范、德性精神、开放精神则更是直接与其尚武精 神紧密联系。尚武精神是巴人生命发展的神经中枢,是融会巴人民族精神的红线。 2、巴人尚武精神的重要文化表征就是武文化的发达。尚武不仅是巴人文化至为 显著的特质,而且还融会贯通于巴人的政治、经济、军事、文化、精神等领域。其 中,政权建设是巴人的尚武精神的政治保障,大迁徙和频繁的军事活动则不仅是巴 人的尚武精神的流动轨迹和线性展示,而且强化了巴人对尚武精神的培育;白虎崇 拜则是巴人尚武精神的意识流露与集聚,并使之成为白虎武神崇拜;巴渝歌舞、跳 丧等则不仅使巴人尚武精神得以传承,更使其艺术化、习俗化、大众化。 3、历史上,巴人尚武精神对中华民族大家庭的形成、发展与巩固,对中华民族 大一统的形成与巩固,对中华民族凝聚力的形成与强化均有极为重大的贡献。现在, 只要我们对巴人的尚武精神进行离析、调适和转化,不仅对我们进行国防教育,护 卫国家安全有重要作用,而且对增强和提高国民素质亦有重大意义,更对我们积极 促进西部大开发,全面建设小康社会将有强大的精神力量支持。 (二)新的创解 l、对巴人尚武精神进行了系统、全面、深入的探索,如巴人尚武精神在民族精 神中的地位、巴人尚武精神的成因与表现内容、巴人尚武精神的传承与演变、巴人 尚武精神的重大价值等。实际上,是以巴人尚武精神为主线,揭示了内涵至为丰富 巴人文化史。 2、突破以前巴文化研究的学术传统,以巴人尚武精神为主线,对巴人精神研究 进行充分的研究,弥补巴人民族文化精神研究的不足。 3、考察巴人尚武精神的成因,揭示巴人尚武精神研究对中华民族大家庭的形成、 发展与巩固,对中华民族大一统的形成与巩固,对中华民族凝聚力的形成与强化的 卓越贡献,对提高国民素质、强化国防教育、促进西部大开发,全面建设小康社会 的重大价值。

Ⅰ. Value of the SubjectThe Ba people had strong influence in ancient China, for they had greatly contributed to the form and development of the Chinese nation, the form and consolidation of the concept of the great national unity of the Chinese nation, the form and strengthening of the Chinese nation's cohesiveness, and the creation and abundance of Chinese traditional culture. As a very important part of the ethos of the ancient Ba people, martial spirit was outstanding among the Ba people's ethos system, therefore, this research on Ba martial spirit will help:1. Getting a deeper understanding on the Chinese nation and its ethos. Since a long time ago, scholars pay more attention on the ethos of the Chinese nation and its value, but ignore the relationship between the Ba people and the Chinese nation, the special contribution which the Ba people had gave to the Chinese nation, and especially the value of the Ba people's ethos which greatly varied the ethos of the Chinese nation. Therefore, make a research on the ancient Ba people, the Ba culture and the Ba ethos, will help us to get a deeper understanding on our Chinese nation and its ethos.2. Getting a deeper understanding on the ancient Ba people, Ba culture and ethos. Ancient Ba people was an old nation which greatly contributed to the Chinese nation; they did a lot of work such as attending the war for unifying the country, founded feudal government on Central Plains; ancient Ba people endured untold difficulties and hardships in order to build and develop their homeland and got the reward of great achievements; they had significant culture with the Ba Yu dance, classical folk songs, white tiger culture, funeral dance and so on; Ba people also had particular martial spirit, opening spirit, moral spirit, wizard concept, etc. Therefore, make a research on Ba martial spirit will help us to get a thorough understanding on ihe cultural system of the ancient Ba people ant its ethos.3. Completing the weakness on Ba culture research. Since the Ba culture drew the academia's attention from the thirties in the twentieth century, 80 years have passed and scholars got abundant achievements through hard work. However, scholars put more attention on the name, clan, origin and migration of Ba people; the politics, economy, culture, regime, territory and nationalities of Ba people; the cultural communication among Ba people, etc. However they did little research on the national character and ethos of Ba people. The purpose of this research on Ba martial spirit is to strengthen the weak study on the Ba people's national ethos by making a profound, detailed and systematic investigation on the Ba martial spirit.Ⅱ. Line of Thought and Study Methods for this Academic Research1. Line of ThoughtThis Ph. D. dissertation will find out the cultural ethos system of Ba people, investigate the special status of Ba martial spirit in this ethos system according to a overview on the main character of Ba culture; investigate the cultural characteristic of Ba people's martial spirit, discuss the relationship between these characteristic and their martial spirit by making the Ba people's martial spirit as the beginning point and motif of this dissertation; give a correct evaluation for Ba martial spirit, sum up the important value and function which the Ba martial spirit has contributed to the Ba culture itself and the whole Chinese nation, and analyse the deep reason for the formation of the Ba people's martial spirit.2. Study MethodsThis Ph. D dissertation does a thorough and systematic research on the Ba martial spirit at the basis of early studies on Ba culture, comprehensively uses the study methods of history, ethnology, folklore, cultural science, religion, archaeology, sociology, etc.Ⅲ. Main Points and New Ideas1 .Main Points(1) The ethos of Ba people is an abundant system, and among the Ba culture, there are significant things such as concept of survival, martial spirit, patriotism, wizard spirit and moral spirit. The martial spirit plays an import role in this system. If the c

【关键词 (中文/英文)】 巴人; 尚武; 尚武精神; 地位; 文化表征; 成因 the ancient Ba people; martial; martial spirit; status; cultural characteristic; reason

【发表年期】2005年04期 【网络出版投稿人】中央民族大学 【DOI】CNKI:CDMD:1.2005.066822