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《醒世姻缘传》与明代世俗生活

【作者】吴晓龙 【导师】孙逊

【作者基本信息】上海师范大学，中国古代文学，2006年，博士


【摘要 (中文/英文)】 胡适先生曾经评价《醒世姻缘传》说，它包含有中国古代小说中“最有价值的社会史料”和“最丰富又最详细的文化史料”，诗人徐志摩也言：“(《醒世姻缘传》)是一个时代的写生”，本文以此为出发点，整体上描述《醒世姻缘传》所反映的明代世俗生活的全景及其含蕴的历史文化价值。 本文认为，《醒世姻缘传》从制度文化、社会心理、日常习俗等多层面地反映了明代中后期的北方基层社会的世俗生活。从制度层面上讲，在政治制度方面，《醒世姻缘传》对明代县域的官方政权机构的组成、运行、与乡绅和民众的关系都有较为深入而广泛的描述，对明代中后期得到普遍实施的乡约制度，赈灾救济制度也有细腻的反映；在法律制度方面，《醒世姻缘传》暴露了明代后期吏治的腐败，也较为完整地再现了有明一代的基层政权的审判制度；在科举制度方面，《醒世姻缘传》对基层社会的初级科举考试有比较生动地叙述，也真实地表现了乡村社会的普通读书人生存的的艰难。从文化层面上看，明代中后期的社会风尚的变化也在北方乡村社会留下深刻的烙印，人们的价值观、伦理观、金钱观、性观念等都发生了巨大的变化，与此相适应的是人们的宗教生活，尤其是女性的宗教生活萌生了许多新的因素。从日常习俗上看，《醒世姻缘传》对当时北方农村的婚丧嫁娶、生老病死乃至与当地农业相一致的饮食风习都有许多细节特别鲜活的记录。因此可以这样认为，说《醒世姻缘传》是当时北方基层社会民众的世俗生活史和心灵史是当之无愧的。 本文从四个层面考察《醒世姻缘传》和北方民众的世俗生活，其一，梳理该书中的各种世俗生活场景和民俗现象，使其条理和清晰化；其二，以民俗学、语言学等理论为工具对一些世俗生活和民俗现象进行溯源，描述其历史演变的轨迹；其三，从纵横两方面并结合史料，采用文史互证和数据统计的方法，探讨这些世俗生活和民俗现象发生的地域和空间特征；其四，对《醒世姻缘传》中出现的世俗生活和民俗现象从历史学、宗教学、经济学、文化学等角度，剖析其具有的文化意义。  

Hu Shi had ever made comment on the Legendary of Waking Marriage: the most valuable social historical material and the richest cultural historical material. Xu Zhimo—the well-known poet in China said that the Legendary of Waking Marriage depicted that times vividly. According these comments the papers deal with panorama of worldly life in the northern part of China of the Ming Dynasty and its historical cultural valuation.The legendary of Waking Marriage mirrors worldly life in the northern part of China during the middle and last periods of the Ming Dynasty in social system and cultural, social psychology and customs. In political system, The Legendary of Waking Marriage gave the vivid description of social system, government of county and the relationship of country gentlemen and common people in the Ming Dynasty, meanwhile, it described the system of countryside Appointment and the system of saving life from the Acts of government in details. In the laws and regulations, The Legendary of Waking Marriage exposed the corruption of the government during those days. In the imperial examinations, The Legendary of Waking Marriage related to the hardship of the common pupils in the village. In the culture, great changes had taken place in the moral, valuation, money and sexual concept; the religious life, especially something new in the religious life of women came into being. In customs, the Legendary of Waking Marriage described the marriage, funeral systems and social habits in daily life. Therefore, The Legendary of Waking Marriage is the soul and life history of worldly life in northern part of China.The papers made a research of The Legendary of Waking Marriage and worldly life of northern people in four aspects:Firstly, I combed the worldly life and folklores clear in the novel.Secondly, tracing the original of worldly life and folk customs and depicting its development in human history with the help of linguistics and folklores.Thirdly, coordinating the historical materials in aspects, following the mutual illustration of culture and history, I want to know the developing trace of worldly life and customs in different places and times.Fourthly, I want to analyze the culture of The Legendary of Waking Marriage from the history, religion, economics and culture.


【发表年期】2007年05期 【网络出版投稿人】上海师范大学 【DOI】CNKI:CDMD:1.2006.151951