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《歧路灯》与中原民俗文化研究
A Study on Qilu Lantern and Fork-custom Culture in the Region of Central Plain  

【作者】刘畅 【导师】郭豫适

【作者基本信息】华东师范大学，中国古代文学，2006年，博士


【中文摘要】 在我国小说发展史上，《歧路灯》是一部具有特殊价值和意义的长篇小说，其特殊性不仅在于它是古代第一部长篇教育小说，还在于它对十八世纪的清代社会生活作了细致而有趣的临摹，为后代提供了不可或缺的多侧面的巨幅画卷。与《红楼梦》、《儒林外史》相比，它所映象的社会面可谓“五光十色”、“三教九流”，尤其是对中原地区民间风情、闾巷习俗的描述，亦堪称是绘声绘影，跃然纸上。因此，对《歧路灯》中所大量反映的中原民俗事象作一系统清理、并进而对这些民俗事象所蕴含的深层文化意蕴作一专门研讨，既是一件很有学术意义的工作，也是势在必行的工作。论文试图将《歧路灯》放在民俗文化学、文化人类学视野下进行重新观照和审视，对小说中的中原民俗进行文化分析和解读，并以历史的眼光去发掘蕴涵其间的文化意义，包括人生礼仪、宗教信仰、妇女生活、博戏风尚、方言土语及其审美观、价值观，以此来拓展《歧路灯》的研究领域。 “导论”部分首先对《歧路灯》近百年来的研究历程及现状进行了梳理，将其划分为发轫期、沉潜期、高潮期和深化拓展期四个时期，并对每期的主要研究成就进行了点面结合的介绍。其次是阐明了论文的研究方法和基本思路，并对“中原”地域、“民俗文化”等相关概念进行了界定。 第一章主要对《歧路灯》与中原地区的人生礼俗进行了探讨。本章分别对中原人生礼俗的重要关节寿诞礼俗、结婚礼俗和丧祭礼俗作了详细的描述，并揭示出其间所蕴含着的文化意义。在行文中，本章力图以“通过仪式”为纲，把中原人生礼俗的主要阶段贯串起来。 第二章重点阐述的是《歧路灯》与中原地区宗教信仰这一问题。本章力求较为清晰地勾勒出明清时期中原世俗生活中的道教、佛教和民间宗教信仰形态，以及道教、佛教和民间宗教对中原民俗文化的渗透，从中揭示出中原民众在接受各类形态宗教时所抱有的功利性、实用性态度，体现出的开放性、混融性特点。 第三章集中论析了《歧路灯》与中原地区的妇女生活习俗。本章首先结合文本，对《歧路灯》的妇女教育观、伦理观进行了理论上的归结；然后或是依据于阶级、阶层的归属，或是依据于妇女身份、职业及地位的区别，把小说中的妇女划分为若干类型形态，并对各类妇女的生活及习俗进行了阐述，从中亦可看出男权中心文化对妇女生活习俗无处不在的影响。 第四章主要关注的是《歧路灯》与中原地区的博戏风尚。本章先是对《歧路灯》赌博中的赌场、赌术的形形色色，骗术伎俩的林林总总，赌博与酒、色的相互依存进行了具体剖析；接着论述了《歧路灯》所反映的赌博群体的广泛性、赌

【英文摘要】 In the history of Chinese novel development, Qilu Lantern is a long novel of peculiar values and meanings, which not only indicate that it is the first ancient educational long novel, but also provides an immense picture in diverse angles by the minute and interesting depiction of the life in Qing Dynasty of the 18th century. In comparison with The Red Attic Dream and The Unofficial History of Academic Circles, Qilu Lantern shows a more colorful society of various religious sects and academic schools, and especially a vivid description of the folk and alley custom. To development a new research field, the dissertation will analyze the culture of folk-custom in the Central Region and the cultural meaning in a historical sight including the life etiquette, the religion belief, the women life, the gambling fashion, the local dialects, the aesthetics and the view of value in the context of the culture of folk-custom and cultural anthropology,.The Introduction makes a literature review on the research history and situation of Qilu Lantern in recent 100 years, which divides the research into four periods: the starting, the setting, the climax and the deep development, tells the research methods and the basic clue and explains the concepts of the Central Region, the culture of folk-custom, etc.Chapter Ⅰ illustrates the life etiquette and custom of birthday, marriage and funeral, in which the cultural meanings unveil shown by a person's whole life from birth to death accompanied by the different kinds of ritual activities. By the theory of "passing ritual", this chapter tries to link all the stages of the life etiquette and custom.Chapter Ⅱ discusses the religion belief in the Central Region, which exhibits the Taoism, the Buddhism and the folk religions characterized by the utility, practicability, integrity and opening in the late Ming and Qing Dynasties, and the acceptable attitudes towards them from the people.Based on the culture of taking men's rights as center, Chapter Ⅲ puts a real mirror of the society of men's rights from the view of women's education and ethics and women's life customs. In accordance with the division of class and status or women's identity, vocation or status, the women in the novel are divided into plenty of types. Women's life custom was greatly influenced by men's sex discrimination.Chapter Ⅳ states the gambling fashion in the Central Region. Qilu Lantern represents the top level in depicting gambling in ancient novels, in which gambling

【中文关键词】 《歧路灯》; 中原地域; 民俗文化

【英文关键词】 Qilu Lantern; the Central Region; the culture of folk-custom

【网络出版年期】2006年11期 【网络出版投稿人】华东师范大学 【网络出版投稿时间】2006-09-11 【DOI】CNKI:CDMD:1.2006.124439 攻读期成果