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池州傩戏艺术及其文化研究

The Research on the Art and Culture of Chizhou Nuo Opera

【作者】王义彬 【导师】王耀华; 乔建中

【作者基本信息】福建师范大学，音乐学，2004年，博士


【摘要 (中文/英文)】 池州傩戏艺术及其文化研究从实地调查(fieldwork)开始，包括傩仪、傩戏展演(performance)现场的调查，文献、文物调查，口传资料调查等。 本文以实地调查的材料为依据，将音乐学、历史学、民俗学、人类学等学科理论融为一体，结合傩戏的生存环境，分析池州傩戏的唱腔(分为傩腔和高腔)、锣鼓(伴奏和独奏)、傩舞等艺术特征，并引入池州傩戏在社会发展中的变化及傩戏唱腔对于民间俗乐向戏曲音乐转化的过渡作用的讨论，即，将傩戏看作是“中国戏曲音乐的活化石”意义的诠释。进而，参照考普(C．Colpe)和奥扦(R．Otto)关于“神圣与世俗”的理论，以及涂尔干(Durkheim)关于“仪式、社会契约”的理论，费思汀格(L．Festinger)的认知理论，荣格(C．G．Jung)的集体无意识理论等，揭示池州傩戏的社会功能和文化意义。旨在阐释，池州傩戏是一种泛宗教的民间信仰体系，它是民众现实生活的精神化表征。通过傩戏及其仪式的展演，在民众的日常生活与精神家园之间建立起稳定的联系，即想象的共同体家园，实现现实与理想、苦难与愉悦的转化。这才是池州傩戏存在的现实社会意义。 只有在厘清了池州傩戏的艺术本体、社...更多会功能和文化属性之后，才能将之从戏曲艺术的层面上升为一种社会文化现象，从而认定其在现代社会中的存在价值，以及维护它的传承与发展。

This paper deals with the fieldwork on the art and cultural research of Chizhou Nuo Opera, including the rite of Nuo, the spot investigation of Nuo performance, investigation of literature, culture relics and materials handed down orally. Based on the fieldwork materials, this paper integrates musicology, history, folklore, and anthropology into one, and takes the survival environment into account to analyze such artistic features of Nuo Opera as its melodies, gongs and drums (accompaniment and solo), and dance. It also introduces the discussion of both the changes in Chizhou Nuo Opera in social development and the transitional role its melodies have played in the transmission from folk to opera music, in other words, the annotation of the opinion that Nuo opera is the living fossil of Chinese opera music .Furthermore, with the reference of the theories on "divine and worldly" , " the rite and social contract" , cognition, and collective unconsciousness separately initiated by C. Colpe and R. Otto, Durkheim, L.Festinger, and C.G.Jung, the social function and cultural value of Nuo Opera are revealed. Here the author tries to expound that Chizhou Nuo opera is a pan-religious folk belief system, and that it is a spiritual presentation of the peo ple' s actual life. In other words, through the performance of Nuo Opera and its rite, a stable link between the people' s daily life and spiritual home is established so that the imagined community can be built to turn ideal into reality and sufferings to joys. Thus the actual social meaning of Chizhou Nuo Opera is shown. As a whole, only after the art noumenon, social function and cultural property of Chizhou Nuo Opera have been sorted out, can it be sublimated into a social cultural phenomena from the level of opera art, then its value in the modern society be established, and thus its inheritance and development preserved.

【关键词 (中文/英文)】 池州摊戏; 滚唱; 摊戏会; 家族性 Chizhou Nuo Opera; Gunchang; Union of Nuo Opera; Clandestine

【发表年期】2004年04期 【网络出版投稿人】福建师范大学 【DOI】CNKI:CDMD:1.2004.095059