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妈祖文化与两岸关系发展之研究

Research on Mazu's Culture and Cross-straits Relations Development

【作者】蔡泰山 【导师】陈支平

【作者基本信息】厦门大学，专门史，2004年，博士


【摘要 (中文/英文)】 妈祖文化是一种宗教文化，从宋代开始即有妈祖的记载，目前，有关妈祖信仰的历史学及民俗学的研究颇为丰富，但多着重在妈祖传说及信仰的传播方面，针对妈祖文化与两岸关系发展之分析则甚为有限，笔者将妈祖文化与两岸关系发展之研究作为论文题目，一方面是基于台湾热烈以妈祖宗教来达到谒祖的目的思潮所致，另一方面则是对妈祖文化在两岸之间香火持续不断而触动的灵感。本论文首先是以文献的回顾，来进行妈祖文化发展的探讨如何?并且，再藉各种宗教文化发展模式来分析妈祖文化应循之发展方向。因此，研究的取向，是从文化、社会、政治、经济多方面的广角来说明，竭力以全方位的论述来分析妈祖文化在两岸间的互动关系，真正的剖析妈祖文化对两岸社会文化的影响如何?本论文研究时段可以说从宋代妈祖文化开始至现阶段妈祖文化在两岸扮演的角色为主。着重在历史演进和目前妈祖文化发展的论点。全文分为六章。 第一章是绪论，主要是对学术界研究妈祖文化的专家、学者的论述作一简要的回顾及思考。并提出本论文的研究方法与架构，同时还对研究范围与限制及研究动机与目的作一阐述。 第二章试图以宗教文化与族群发展之理论建构，来做为本论文的研究启端，我们知道宗教文化的建设与赓续族群的发展息息相关，而宗教文化的建设取决于有形与无形文化周遭环境的影响和资源的提供。因此，宗教和族群发展的关系是一体两面相辅相成。在现今的社会里，可以从许多不同的族群中发现，信众已从旧有的宗教思维，开始注重现实生活与世俗的利益，凸显了宗教世俗化的趋向，这也是世界宗教发展的一个趋势。 第三章着重在妈祖文化与两岸族群互动之活动轨迹，尽管文化的内容十分繁杂，但某一文化之趋向与目的，在其历史发展中有其轨迹，若不遇到根 论文提要本上的挑衅，此趋向与目的是不会改变的。妈祖文化是随着历史演变而表现 的一种生活方式，在中国以往全部历史过程中，除却历史无从谈文化。我们 应从全部历史之客观方面来揭开妈祖文化的真面目，这是本章的重点。 第四章以妈祖文化的角色与功能来深化两岸发展的关系。现代社会是一 个快速发展的社会，而社会的发展是全方位、整体性的发展。一个社会任何因素的发展都会对社会系统中其它因素提出协调发展的要求。两岸社会从传 统社会迈向现代社会，从农业社会向工业社会的转变过程中，其转变是全方 位的、系统性的，其中包括经济、政治、社会、文化等子系统向现代社会的 转变。信众需要的是全方位的社会交往和丰富的社会关系，并且有充裕的时间与自由的创造思维。这些因素都是促成妈祖文化成长和发展的主要原动力，也是本章节着墨的焦点。 第五章主要是妈祖文化对两岸关系发展的展望，两岸真正的发展关系起源，若严格言之，妈祖文化是有一定的贡献，这可从台湾的大甲镇澜宫不顾法律的牵制，毅然突破两岸蛰伏五十几年的闭锁关系和大陆妈祖文化进行交流可 以证明，这一小步，却是历史一大步。本章节从两岸对妈祖共同的认知，咸认妈祖是集“爱”于一身之保护神，其爱心由点而扩及到全面，也就是“博爱”，影响广泛。它打破了一切民族、国家和地方的界线，共同营造两岸和谐的社会 为出发点，以良性的互动，凝聚两岸妈祖文化的一致与契合，进而展现两岸妈祖的整体性以及强韧的生命力，使两岸妈祖文化之发展达到最高境界。 第六章是结论，本结语最主要强调的是蕴涵在两岸信众心目中的妈祖文化遗产，应藉由两岸信众对妈祖文化衍化的共识与认知，打开两岸紧锁的大 门。文化没有隔阂，文化没有政治化的问题，这是两岸共有的资产，唯有两 岸民众全力的维护与发扬，才能让妈祖文化在两岸间共存共荣。因此，在结 论的部分，笔者将研究心得分为三个小节，即从第二章至五章的内容以研究发现、研究发展及研究建议来作一总结。

Mazu's culture is a kind of religion culture. The first records about Mazu were founded in Song dynasty. At present, the research of Mazu's faith in history and folklore is very abundant, but most of researchers pay more attention to the spread of faith and legend on Mazu. The analysis that directs against Mazu's culture and the cross-Straits relations development is more limited. From retrospect of the document first, this thesis carry on the discussion of Mazu's cultural orbit of development. At the same time, rely on the different mode of cultural development of the religion, I try my best to discover the cultural trend of Mazu. I regard the research of Mazu's culture and the cross-Straits relations development as the topic of the thesis on such consideration, on one hand, Taiwan's warm ideological trend of holding a memorial ceremony for their ancestor with religious belief, at the other hand, inspiring by the constantly burning incense for Mazu from the people of two sides. So, My orientation is, to ana lyse the phenomenon from the aspects angle of culture, society, politics, and so on. Do my utmost to analyse Mazu's culture's role in the interdynamic relation between two sides, to analyze the influence of Mazu's culture on two sides' social culture The study period of this thesis begin from Song dynasty to the present day. And I pay more attention in analysing the development of historical gradual progress and Mazu's culture. The full text is divided into six chapters. Chapter one is the introduction, a brief retrospect and thinking to the argumentation of expert of the academia, scholar who study the Mazu's culture, and put forward the research approach and frame of this thesis, explained research range and restriction, research motive and purpose at the same time. Chapter two, I attempt to applicate with the theory of the culture of religion and framework of ethnicity's development. We know that the construction of the ethnicity, And the construction of religion culture depends on the influence of the visible ans invisible environment of surrounding area and the offering of resources. So, the relation of development of the religion and ethnicity is the two respects of a question.Now, we can easily find the enlightenment from a lot of different ethnicities, the people Had already transfer from indulging in some old religion to pay attention to actual life and interests of common customs,this is a clear proof of religion being common customs, and this is a trend that a religion of the world. Chapter three focus on the activity orbit of Mazu's culture interacts with ethnicities of two sides, Though the content of culture is very miscellaneous, the trend and purpose of a certain culture, that is to say, its orbit in its historical development, if has not met the fundamental challenge, the trend will not change its already existing orbit. Mazu's culture is a kind of life style displayed with historical development, In the history of china, removing history, we have no way of discussing culture. We should reveal the true features of Mazu's culture from the objective Respect of history, This is a focal point of this chapter. Chapter four deepen the relations of two sides with the role and Function of Mazu's culture. The modern society is a fast-developing Society, and the development of the society is the omni-directional, wholedevelopment. One factor can be a trigger and a request of the whole social system. The societies of two sides steps from traditional society to the modern society, from agricultural society to industrial society, It is omni-directional, systemic change, including economy, politics, society,culture,etc. The need of the believers is the omni-directional associating the abundant social relationships, nad abundant time and free creation thinking. These factors facilitate the main motive power that Mazu's culture grows up and develop, It is the foves that this vhapter. Chapter five fovus on the prospect of developments of the cross-Straits relations bringing with Mazu's culture.

【发表年期】2004年04期 【网络出版投稿人】厦门大学 【DOI】CNKI:CDMD:1.2004.117882