[白兴发]彝族禁忌文化研究
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彝族禁忌文化研究
A Study of Yi's Toboo Culture
【作者】白兴发 【导师】冉光荣
【作者基本信息】四川大学，专门史，2001年，博士
【摘要 (中文/英文)】 禁忌是人类社会最早的社会规范，是一种历史悠久而且极其复杂的社会文 化现象。研究一个民族的禁忌，对于了解该民族早期社会规范的起源、功能及 其传统文化的形成具有重要的意义。但长时期来，我国学术界有关禁忌研究， 尚属薄弱环节，论著量少面窄。本文依据大量的民族学和民俗学调查资料，对 我国西南彝族禁忌的起源、发展演变、作用功能进行了比较系统的梳理和深入 的分析研究，力图以此丰富和拓展有关禁忌文化的研究视野。 本文选取彝族作为研究对象，乃在于彝族的传统文化丰富多彩，禁忌事象 涉及生产生活的方方面面，具有一定的典型性，这对探讨禁忌在人类生活、文 明进步中所起的作用和意义，有其重要的学术价值。同时，本文也可以说填补 了当今彝学研究领域中的一项空白。 本文在研究内容上有这样几个特点：一是对彝族原始禁忌的起源及禁忌形 成的社会历史背景作了比较系统地分析，并在此基础上探寻彝族禁忌的特殊性； 二是将彝族禁忌的发展演变放在各个时期的社会背景及宗教活动、经济生产活 动中进行研究，剖析其互动关系和深层结构。尤其着力从民族文化生态系统的 角度讨论禁忌演变的动力，通过耕作...更多方式(获食模式)的变化探讨彝族禁忌和 宗教的变化，从而深化对禁忌演变的认识和理解。三是对彝族禁忌的历史作用 和社会功能作了客观地深入探讨，认为禁忌对强化彝族内部的凝聚力和向心力， 对彝族社会成员思想道德的规范起着积极作用，具有社会控制和文化整合的功 能，同时，一些带有迷信色彩的禁忌习俗不利于彝族人民的生产与生活，制约 了彝族商品经济的发展，有碍于彝族社会的进步和繁荣。 在研究中，笔者充分注意到，从表面上看，禁忌资料是随处可见，但大多 雷同，表述亦欠准确，因之，本文广泛吸取和参考了国内外相关研究成果基础 上，努力开展实际考察，尽可能获取第一手资料，并进行认真鉴别和筛选。所 用资料力求量丰质优，不仅为本文论证奠定较为坚实的基础，而且可望为我国 学术界今后的进一步研究，提供资料准备。此外，本文还力图用一种辩证的观 点和方法，对彝族禁忌与原始道德和习惯法的关系作出客观评价，并就彝族禁 忌的传承机制作了深入分析，提出了新的见解。
Taboo is one of the earliest society rules. It's a very complicated phenomenon. The study of a nation's taboo is very important to help us make a more accurate understanding of the origin function of the nation's early society rules, to realize the formation of its traditional culture. But for a long time, the study of taboo is a very weak link in China's academic circles. This dissertation is based on investigations of ethnology and folklore. It makes a systematical and thoroughgoing study of the origin, evolution and function of the yi nationality's taboo. The reason of Chosing Yi nationality as my study object, is the colorful culture of Yi nationality, and because taboo involves all aspects in social life, it has some typicalness. At the same time, the study of this dissertation fills in the gaps in the fields of Yiological studies. This dissertation has such character: Firstly, making a systematical analyse of the orgin and formation of Yi nationality's primitive taboo, and then discuss the particularity of Yi nationality's taboo. Secondly, studying the development of Yi nationality's taboo connect with the whole social background, religion and economical productive activities, then analyzing it's mutual relationship and deeply structure. From discussing the change of methods of cultivation, getting a deeper understanding of the evolution of taboo. Thirdly, pointing out that taboo can make Yi nationality more united, can make some positive function in standard Yi nationality member's morality. It also has the function of social control and culture integrating. But at the same time, some taboo which has superstitious colouring can do harm to Yi nationality's society, and hinder the development and prosperity of Yi nationality. It seems that the materials of taboo can get every well, but most of them are duplicate and inaccurate. This dissertation not only widely absorbs related research results at home and abroad, but also has many first-hand materials which come from my own investigation. The abundant and accurate materials provide a solid foundation for the demonstration of this dissertation, and provide the materials for other scholars. In addition, this dissertation intensively analyses and demonstrates the relationship between Yi nationality's taboo, promitive religion and customary law, and discuss the ways of inheriting and learning Yi nationality's taboo, and offers some new views.
【关键词 (中文/英文)】 彝族; 禁忌演变; 动力; 文化整合; 作用功能 Yi nationality's; the evolution of taboo motivation; culture integrating; function
【发表年期】2004年02期 【网络出版投稿人】四川大学 【DOI】CNKI:CDMD:1.2004.032317
