马衣努

中国-瑞士：自然资源开发的社会文化影响

——基于法律、经济、政治和社会的国际比较分析

研讨会邀请函

尊敬的  先生/女士：
    基于中国和世界各地的自然资源开发愈演愈烈的现实，中央民族大学中国少数民族研究中心（EMSCOC）和瑞士弗莱堡大学联邦制学院（IFF）定于2011年1月24-25两日，在中协宾馆举办“自然开发的社会文化影响”小型专题研讨会。会务由EMSCOC操办，拟请瑞方专家3-5人，中方专家10-12人与会，会后拟出版双语论文集。
    中瑞双方景仰您研究“自然资源开发的社会文化影响”的名望和成果，特邀您在现有研究基础上奋力拨冗撰写5000-8000字论文并准备15分钟的PPT以便发表交流以文会友。您的差旅和驻会费用由会务承担。会议主题阐释和活动安排请见附件。我们对迟发通知给您带来不便向您致歉。感谢您的理解支持和关爱。此致敬礼！

中央民族大学中国少数民族研究中心

2010年12月26日

联系电话和传真：010-68933733；联系人：刘岩
投稿邮箱：myzx@263.net
附件：主旨阐释和会务安排
会议主题：

Sino-Swiss Conference on the Exploitation of Natural Resources

Comparative Analyses of Legal, Economic, Political, Social and Environmental Aspects
组织双方Organisation：
The Conference will be jointly organised by the EMSCOC, Minzu Unversity of China
(Beijing) and the Institute of Federalism, IFF (Fribourg)，见通知正文。
会议目标Aim of the Conference and Overview
如何平衡资源开发与经济增长及地方居民的权益关系
The conference aims at bringing together Chinese and Swiss experts dealing with the use of natural resources and its effects on the society at large and on the environment. While the efficient use of natural resources is essential to provide a country with raw materials and to trigger economic growth, the use of natural resources also impacts on people living close to the resource (possibly forced to resettle), people involved in the exploitation of the resource, the environment, the region and the economy at large.
When deciding whether natural resources should be exploited or not, these differing and often contradictory interests need to be taken into account and short-and-long-term interests need to be balanced.
论文要点：
第一部分：先请澄清各国自然资源的权属和开发决策主体。请专家在论文中说明案例所在省、自治区和直辖市开发自然资源时所执行的法规情况。
In a first part of the conference, experts will clarify ownership of natural resources of a country and what institutions decide whether and how natural resources should be exploited.
The papers will present the general rules applicable in this field and clarify the situation when autonomous regions respectively cantons and municipalities are involved.
第二部分：请专家全面检视自然资源开发会影响到的诸方面，可首先从开发项目的经济成本和效益入手，再讲决策机制和效益在有关各方(communities)中的分配。
In a second part, speakers will examine the various aspects involved when exploiting natural resources. They will deal first with the economic aspects of development projects and examine how institutions evaluate economic benefits and costs of a project and how they decide about their distribution among various communities.

2-1请分析（该）项目开发的政治影响，即检视利益相关各方（communities），特别是受项目直接影响的当地居民对项目评价和决策过程能够施加的影响。
The speakers will secondly analyse the political aspects of development project and examine the ways in which different communities (including the people directly concerned by the project) can influence on the evaluation and decision-making process.
2-2请分析其社会影响，指出各方决策者用以评价和平衡社会效益与成本的办法（例如创造就业机会、威胁传统生活方式、居民的搬迁安置成本等）。
Papers will address the manifold social aspects of development projects and present the methods decision-makers use to evaluate and balance social benefits and costs (i.e. job creation, threat of traditional live styles, social costs of resettlement etc).
2-3请重点分析各方对项目的生态影响评估
Thirdly, speakers will focus on the way environmental effects are assessed (i.e. through environmental impact assessments).
2-4 论文此章请讲世界银行在项目场地采用的项目评价经验，旨在说明国际机构聚焦于项目的经济效益而遭受挫折而记取的教训，及后来建立的成本-效益整体评估改进程序。
At the end of the second part, the experiences of the World Bank in the field of development project evaluation will presented, which allows for an understanding of how an international institution originally focusing on economic aspects through a number of failures has learned to establish decision-making procedures aiming at an overall-assessment of the benefits and costs of development projects.
第三部分：聚焦于自然资源开发项目决策之后，首先考察对项目的监测评估过程，推荐减轻对当地居民社区和生态环境消极影响的开发方式。本节会议还要研讨法律当局对于受项目影响而搬迁的居民安置。瑞士专家将分析如何保护在危险条件下工作的工人保护措施，并分析一个呈现把社会和生态成本计入项目考量重要性的印度案例，以此显示预期承诺与现实兑现结果之间的差别。
In a third part, papers will focus on the situation on the ground once the exploitation of natural resources has been decided. Papers will first examine methods to follow-up on the evaluation process and to implement ways of exploitation that limit the negative effects on the society concerned and the environment. This part of the conference will also examine the legal regime dealing with resettlement of displaced people. Papers will then analyse the ways workers can be protected from harmful working conditions. The third part will end with a case study from India which illustrates the importance of internalizing social and environmental costs of a development project and shows how promises and realities can differ.
会议进程Proceedings
每一个专题都要求一位中国学者与一位瑞士学者各做15分钟陈述。每篇论文要由一位评议人评议5分钟，这就要求学者最迟在会前两周，即2011年1月10日，把论文提要给会务承办方，以便分发评议人审阅并让所有参会人有所准备。会上请各位专家严格守时以便留出提问研讨时间。会议论文的最终稿请在会后一个月内提交以便编辑出版。
For each topic, a Chinese and a Swiss speaker will give a short presentation (15 minutes). For each paper, there will be a commentator (5 minutes). Presentation will respect time limits to allow for questions and discussions. Summaries of all papers will have to be handed in three weeks before the conference to allow commentators and participants to prepare for the conference.
A month after the conference, speakers and commentators will hand in their papers for publication.
会议产出Outputs：
本次会议要出版中英文论文集并挂在互联网上保证广泛传播。
The conference papers and comments to papers by Swiss and Chinese scholars will be published in Chinese and English. The papers will also be published on the internet to ensure the widest possible dissemination.
会议预期Expected Outcome：
唤起公众和参与开发各方注意自然资源开发项目决策所涉及的诸多方面，特别是优先考虑短期经济效益而忽视长远综合影响会带来的种种风险。通过各位专家直接交流项目成败的经济与教训，会议将提高专家识别和分享自然资源利用中的最佳实践，进而有助于保证自然开发项目对相关居民群体和社会的效益，并节制其生态负面影响。会议成果最终将有利于经济和生态可持续。
The conference will raise awareness of the many aspects that need to be addressed when deciding on or dealing with the exploitation of natural resources and of the risks involved when short-term economic interests take priority over long-term interests. By allowing for the exchange of experiences about failures and success stories, the conference will allow experts to identify and share best practices in the field of the use of natural resources. Eventually, the conference will contribute to the overall-aim which is to assure that natural resources are exploited in a way that is beneficial to the people concerned and the society and that limits the negative effects on the environment as far as possible. Overall, the expected outcome is to contribute to an economic development which is socially and ecologically sustainable.
时间Dates：
2011年1月24-25日两天；Two-day conference between January 24-25.
地点Venue：
中央民族大学；Minzu University, Beijing
会议语言Language：
尽量用英语，必要时提供同声翻译，成果用中英文发表以扩大影响
If possible English, if needed Chinese-English simultaneous translation.
Publication in English and Chinese (bilingual) to assure a greater impact on experts, decision-makers and society at large.
参加人(见会议通知)Participation：
Four or five Swiss experts and 10-15 Chinese experts will participate in the Conference. The total number of participants is limited to about 40 to allow for discussion and lively scholarly exchange.
成本分担(略)Responsibilities and Costs：
Minzu University and IFF are jointly responsible for the organisation of the workshop. The IFF will select the Swiss speakers and pay for their flight to Beijing. Minzu University will select the Chinese speakers and the other participants and cover the other costs of the Conference.
The IFF is willing to pay for the flights tickets of Chinese speakers which are not based in Beijing. The IFF will also bear the costs of simultaneous translation if needed.
Minzu University and IFF will share the cost of publication.
论文撰写参考提纲：
Draft Program
参照前译
导言：Introduction
I.
所有权与决策过程
Ownership and decision-making process
a.
General rules
通行法规
b.
Position of autonomous regions
区位和地方法规
II.
成本效益分布Allocation of costs and benefits
a.
Economic aspects
b.
Political aspects
c.
Social-Cultural aspects
d.
Environmental aspects
e.
Experiences of the World Bank
III.
开发条件Conditions of exploitation
a.
Protection of the environment
b.
Legal Regime related to displacement and resettlement
c.
Labour laws
d.
Promises and realities: Case study
e.
Discussion of the Film “Drowned Out”
结语：Concluding remarks

英古阿格

好事一桩！
衣努一段未见了呵。在国内？

马衣努

跑去德国读书啦。英古哥恭喜你博士毕业啊。

英古阿格

与王老师会师了呵！

马衣努

英古哥我还没见到王老师呢，我俩不在一个城市，估计很快就能见了

代启福

　　

中瑞两国学者共同探讨

　　自然资源开发与社会文化和谐

　　本报讯 (记者牛锐) 1月24 日至25 日，由中央民族大学中国少数民族研究中心和瑞士弗里堡大学联邦主义研究所联合主办的中-瑞自然资源开发与社会文化和谐研讨会在北京举行。会议旨在呼吁公众和参与开发各方关注自然资源开发项目决策所涉及的诸多方面，特别是优先考虑短期经济效益而忽视长远综合影响会带来的种种风险。

　　来自中瑞两国的40余位专家学者围绕“如何平衡资源开发与经济增长及地方居民的权益关系”这一主题，就“法律框架：所有权与决策程序”、“立项和影响评估程序”、“减少负面影响”等议题展开了讨论。与会者分析了自然资源的权属和开发决策主体等相关情况;从开发项目的经济成本和效益入手，讨论了决策机制及效益在有关各方中的分配，进而全面检视了自然资源开发会影响到的诸多方面;通过对项目监测评估过程的考察，总结了减轻对当地居民社区和生态环境造成消极影响的开发方式。

　　会议组织者、中央民族大学中国少数民族研究中心主任张海洋教授表示，现代社会的自然资源开发由于缺少人文关怀和协商机制，不仅打破了生态平衡机制，也损害了基层社区参与决策的权益。自然生态失衡源于社会权益失衡。社会权益失衡的根源在于存在于现代国民教育理念中的单线单向社会发展史观。这种史观的重要特征就是忽视自然生态和社会文化多样性。上世纪六七十年代，发达国家知识界对单线单向社会发展史观作了后现代反思。自此，自然资源开发的人文社会代价受到重视，人权和环保意识高涨，下层群体、社会性别和文化多样性也由决策的关怀边缘走向中心。居民参与、知情同意、协商民主和公平博弈，成为资源开发的必要程序。这可以说是从社会发展史到文化生态学的转型。今日中国正在强调科学发展，转变发展方式，全社会已对文化多样性与社会和谐，文化自觉、自信与自强，从社会发展史到文化生态学的知识转型等问题初步形成共识。当务之急是把社会共识转化成制度法规和社会行动，建立公平机制以保证自然资源开发与社会文化和谐。瑞士是在文化多样性基础上实行协商民主制度、保持自然资源开发与社会文化和谐的成功典范。中瑞两国学者间的学习交流，有助于分享自然资源利用中的实践经验，保护相关群体的权益，促进经济和生态可持续发。
来源：中国民族宗教网